Verena Tandrayen-Ragoobur is Associate Professor in Economics, University of Mauritius. She is currently heading the Pole of Research Excellence in Applied Social and Economic Research Analysis and is the Co- Chair of the WTO Chairs Programme at the University of Mauritius. She has more than forty publications in international peer reviewed journals and books, and she is involved in a number of consultancy and research projects with ministries, public institutions, and international organizations.Sheereen Fauzel is an Associate Professor at the University of Mauritius. She was awarded a scholarship by the Mauritius Research Council to pursue her doctoral degree. Having completed a PhD in Development Economics from the University of Mauritius, her areas of expertise are International and Development Economics, Tourism Economics and related areas. She has participated in international conferences and has publications in notable international journals of Business, Economics and Tourism. She has actively contributed as a consultant to international institutions and governmental ministries.Stefano Moncada is an associate professor and resident academic at the University of Malta, where he is the Director of the Islands and Small States Institute. He lectures and conducts research in the areas of islands and small states studies, development studies and climate change. Stefano has published his research in more than 50 peer reviewed international journals and books, and acts as expert reviewer for some key international scientific journals. Stefano has delivered over 50 conference presentations, keynote speeches and public talks. He forms part of the editorial board of Small States and Territories, the Mediterranean Experts on Climate and Environmental Change (MedECC), a fellow of the Resilient and Sustainable Islands Initiative (RESI) of the Overseas Development Institute, and acts as expert reviewer for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Stefano won several research grants/scholarships including EU The Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, EU Horizon grants, the Malta’s Research Excellence Grant, the Postdoctoral Fellowship, and the AIS Forum research grant.

• ContentsThe Editors and Contributors1 IntroductionVerena Tandrayen-Ragoobur, Sheereen Fauzel and Stefano Moncada 2 The Economic Vulnerability of African Small Island Developing StatesEdmir Luciano Dos Santos Ferreira 3 Drivers of Debt in Small States: Vulnerabilities and the role of SizeBineswaree Bolaky4 Resilience and Economic Growth: Evidence from the Small Island of MauritiusBoopen Seetanah, Narvada Gopy-Ramdhany, Jeevita Matadeen, Reena Bhattu-Babajee 5 Growth Volatility and Resilience in Small Economies: The Impacts of the 2008 Financial Crisis and the COVID-19 PandemicHarvey W. Armstrong and Robert Read6 Understanding Multidimensional Vulnerability in Small African States: An Analytical ApproachVerena Tandrayen Ragoobur7 In Search of Livelihood. Labour Mobility as Response to Socio-economic Vulnerability in the Pacific Ocean StatesNii-K Plange8 Exacerbating Poverty: Climate Change Impacts and Coping Strategies in Coastal Communities of MauritiusStefano Moncada 9 Food Stability and Climate Shocks for Selected Small Island Developing States (SIDs) of Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Panel EstimationsKenneth Mahuni, Tarirai Kudzai, James Zivanomoyo and Simba Mutsvangwa10 The Socioeconomic Impact of Climate Change in a Small Island Economy in the Indian OceanSheereen Fauzel and Shashi Jeevita Matadeen11 Deconstructing Sustainable Development Discourses in Vulnerable States: Framing Environmental Justice and a Just Development in Cabo Verde.José Maria Gomes Lopes12 Urbanization and CO2 Emissions in Developing Countries: Is Energy Consumption a Mediator?Donald Ferdinand Okere Atanga, Patrice Ongono and Verena Tandrayen-Ragoobur13 A Critical Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Environmental and Climate Change Resilience Mechanisms in the Indian Ocean Region: How are Small Island Developing States (SIDS) faring? Krishnee Appadoo and Bhoomika Jaggeshar 14 Legal Implications of Marine Environmental Carrying Capacity from a SIDS Perspective: The Case of MauritiusHanna Kureemun 15 Managing Risks and Enhancing Community Resilience in an Informal Settlement: Exploring Options for Occupants of ‘Plastic City’, GuyanaPaulette Bynoe and Rawle Edinboro16 Regulating the Blue Economy: The Importance of Ocean Governance in making Economic and Social Policies.Marie Valerie Uppiah and Désiré Gaël Henriette-Bolli17 Challenges and Opportunities in Financial Mechanisms for Supporting Climate Actions in Small Island Developing States: 2015 Paris AccordValentina Okaru-Bisant18 Building Economic Resilience to the Vulnerability of Small Island Developing States (SIDS) through the Digitalization of the Economy: A Case Study of Atlantic, Indian Ocean and South China Sea (AIMS) islandsVarsha Mooneeram-Chadee

Verena Tandrayen-Ragoobur is Associate Professor in Economics, University of Mauritius. She is currently heading the Pole of Research Excellence in Applied Social and Economic Research Analysis and is the Co- Chair of the WTO Chairs Programme at the University of Mauritius. She has more than forty publications in international peer reviewed journals and books, and she is involved in a number of consultancy and research projects with ministries, public institutions, and international organizations.Sheereen Fauzel is an Associate Professor at the University of Mauritius. She was awarded a scholarship by the Mauritius Research Council to pursue her doctoral degree. Having completed a PhD in Development Economics from the University of Mauritius, her areas of expertise are International and Development Economics, Tourism Economics and related areas. She has participated in international conferences and has publications in notable international journals of Business, Economics and Tourism. She has actively contributed as a consultant to international institutions and governmental ministries.Stefano Moncada is an associate professor and resident academic at the University of Malta, where he is the Director of the Islands and Small States Institute. He lectures and conducts research in the areas of islands and small states studies, development studies and climate change. Stefano has published his research in more than 50 peer reviewed international journals and books, and acts as expert reviewer for some key international scientific journals. Stefano has delivered over 50 conference presentations, keynote speeches and public talks. He forms part of the editorial board of Small States and Territories, the Mediterranean Experts on Climate and Environmental Change (MedECC), a fellow of the Resilient and Sustainable Islands Initiative (RESI) of the Overseas Development Institute, and acts as expert reviewer for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Stefano won several research grants/scholarships including EU The Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, EU Horizon grants, the Malta’s Research Excellence Grant, the Postdoctoral Fellowship, and the AIS Forum research grant.

• ContentsThe Editors and Contributors1 IntroductionVerena Tandrayen-Ragoobur, Sheereen Fauzel and Stefano Moncada 2 The Economic Vulnerability of African Small Island Developing StatesEdmir Luciano Dos Santos Ferreira 3 Drivers of Debt in Small States: Vulnerabilities and the role of SizeBineswaree Bolaky4 Resilience and Economic Growth: Evidence from the Small Island of MauritiusBoopen Seetanah, Narvada Gopy-Ramdhany, Jeevita Matadeen, Reena Bhattu-Babajee 5 Growth Volatility and Resilience in Small Economies: The Impacts of the 2008 Financial Crisis and the COVID-19 PandemicHarvey W. Armstrong and Robert Read6 Understanding Multidimensional Vulnerability in Small African States: An Analytical ApproachVerena Tandrayen Ragoobur7 In Search of Livelihood. Labour Mobility as Response to Socio-economic Vulnerability in the Pacific Ocean StatesNii-K Plange8 Exacerbating Poverty: Climate Change Impacts and Coping Strategies in Coastal Communities of MauritiusStefano Moncada 9 Food Stability and Climate Shocks for Selected Small Island Developing States (SIDs) of Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Panel EstimationsKenneth Mahuni, Tarirai Kudzai, James Zivanomoyo and Simba Mutsvangwa10 The Socioeconomic Impact of Climate Change in a Small Island Economy in the Indian OceanSheereen Fauzel and Shashi Jeevita Matadeen11 Deconstructing Sustainable Development Discourses in Vulnerable States: Framing Environmental Justice and a Just Development in Cabo Verde.José Maria Gomes Lopes12 Urbanization and CO2 Emissions in Developing Countries: Is Energy Consumption a Mediator?Donald Ferdinand Okere Atanga, Patrice Ongono and Verena Tandrayen-Ragoobur13 A Critical Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Environmental and Climate Change Resilience Mechanisms in the Indian Ocean Region: How are Small Island Developing States (SIDS) faring? Krishnee Appadoo and Bhoomika Jaggeshar 14 Legal Implications of Marine Environmental Carrying Capacity from a SIDS Perspective: The Case of MauritiusHanna Kureemun 15 Managing Risks and Enhancing Community Resilience in an Informal Settlement: Exploring Options for Occupants of ‘Plastic City’, GuyanaPaulette Bynoe and Rawle Edinboro16 Regulating the Blue Economy: The Importance of Ocean Governance in making Economic and Social Policies.Marie Valerie Uppiah and Désiré Gaël Henriette-Bolli17 Challenges and Opportunities in Financial Mechanisms for Supporting Climate Actions in Small Island Developing States: 2015 Paris AccordValentina Okaru-Bisant18 Building Economic Resilience to the Vulnerability of Small Island Developing States (SIDS) through the Digitalization of the Economy: A Case Study of Atlantic, Indian Ocean and South China Sea (AIMS) islandsVarsha Mooneeram-Chadee

Verena Tandrayen-Ragoobur is Associate Professor in Economics, University of Mauritius. She is currently heading the Pole of Research Excellence in Applied Social and Economic Research Analysis and is the Co- Chair of the WTO Chairs Programme at the University of Mauritius. She has more than forty publications in international peer reviewed journals and books, and she is involved in a number of consultancy and research projects with ministries, public institutions, and international organizations.Sheereen Fauzel is an Associate Professor at the University of Mauritius. She was awarded a scholarship by the Mauritius Research Council to pursue her doctoral degree. Having completed a PhD in Development Economics from the University of Mauritius, her areas of expertise are International and Development Economics, Tourism Economics and related areas. She has participated in international conferences and has publications in notable international journals of Business, Economics and Tourism. She has actively contributed as a consultant to international institutions and governmental ministries.Stefano Moncada is an associate professor and resident academic at the University of Malta, where he is the Director of the Islands and Small States Institute. He lectures and conducts research in the areas of islands and small states studies, development studies and climate change. Stefano has published his research in more than 50 peer reviewed international journals and books, and acts as expert reviewer for some key international scientific journals. Stefano has delivered over 50 conference presentations, keynote speeches and public talks. He forms part of the editorial board of Small States and Territories, the Mediterranean Experts on Climate and Environmental Change (MedECC), a fellow of the Resilient and Sustainable Islands Initiative (RESI) of the Overseas Development Institute, and acts as expert reviewer for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Stefano won several research grants/scholarships including EU The Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, EU Horizon grants, the Malta’s Research Excellence Grant, the Postdoctoral Fellowship, and the AIS Forum research grant.

• ContentsThe Editors and Contributors1 IntroductionVerena Tandrayen-Ragoobur, Sheereen Fauzel and Stefano Moncada 2 The Economic Vulnerability of African Small Island Developing StatesEdmir Luciano Dos Santos Ferreira 3 Drivers of Debt in Small States: Vulnerabilities and the role of SizeBineswaree Bolaky4 Resilience and Economic Growth: Evidence from the Small Island of MauritiusBoopen Seetanah, Narvada Gopy-Ramdhany, Jeevita Matadeen, Reena Bhattu-Babajee 5 Growth Volatility and Resilience in Small Economies: The Impacts of the 2008 Financial Crisis and the COVID-19 PandemicHarvey W. Armstrong and Robert Read6 Understanding Multidimensional Vulnerability in Small African States: An Analytical ApproachVerena Tandrayen Ragoobur7 In Search of Livelihood. Labour Mobility as Response to Socio-economic Vulnerability in the Pacific Ocean StatesNii-K Plange8 Exacerbating Poverty: Climate Change Impacts and Coping Strategies in Coastal Communities of MauritiusStefano Moncada 9 Food Stability and Climate Shocks for Selected Small Island Developing States (SIDs) of Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Panel EstimationsKenneth Mahuni, Tarirai Kudzai, James Zivanomoyo and Simba Mutsvangwa10 The Socioeconomic Impact of Climate Change in a Small Island Economy in the Indian OceanSheereen Fauzel and Shashi Jeevita Matadeen11 Deconstructing Sustainable Development Discourses in Vulnerable States: Framing Environmental Justice and a Just Development in Cabo Verde.José Maria Gomes Lopes12 Urbanization and CO2 Emissions in Developing Countries: Is Energy Consumption a Mediator?Donald Ferdinand Okere Atanga, Patrice Ongono and Verena Tandrayen-Ragoobur13 A Critical Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Environmental and Climate Change Resilience Mechanisms in the Indian Ocean Region: How are Small Island Developing States (SIDS) faring? Krishnee Appadoo and Bhoomika Jaggeshar 14 Legal Implications of Marine Environmental Carrying Capacity from a SIDS Perspective: The Case of MauritiusHanna Kureemun 15 Managing Risks and Enhancing Community Resilience in an Informal Settlement: Exploring Options for Occupants of ‘Plastic City’, GuyanaPaulette Bynoe and Rawle Edinboro16 Regulating the Blue Economy: The Importance of Ocean Governance in making Economic and Social Policies.Marie Valerie Uppiah and Désiré Gaël Henriette-Bolli17 Challenges and Opportunities in Financial Mechanisms for Supporting Climate Actions in Small Island Developing States: 2015 Paris AccordValentina Okaru-Bisant18 Building Economic Resilience to the Vulnerability of Small Island Developing States (SIDS) through the Digitalization of the Economy: A Case Study of Atlantic, Indian Ocean and South China Sea (AIMS) islandsVarsha Mooneeram-Chadee