Claudius Wagemann is a full professor of political science methods at Goethe University, Frankfurt, since 2012. He also regularly teaches at the School of Transnational Governance of the European University Institute (EUI), Florence, where he also had graduated. Before going to Frankfurt, he has worked at various universities and institutes in Florence. His substantial research interest is on forms of protest and questions related to democracy, as well as on political engagement and political participation, above all of young people. Methodologically, he is an expert in comparative methodology, such as qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) and fuzzy sets.Toma Burean is a political scientist in the Department of Political Science, College Public Administration and Communication, Babeș-Bolyai University. His research interests are political participation, migration, multiculturalism and the politics of gender. He is currently the director of the Center for the Comparative Studies of Migration.Dan Mercea is a professor in the Department of Sociology and Criminology at City, University of London (UK), and the principal investigator on the project “Social Learning to Take Part in Social Movements: Understanding the Social Transformation of Civic Participation” (2023–2026) hosted by Babeș-Bolyai University (Romania) and funded by the European Union – NextGenerationEU – and the Romanian Government, under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan for Romania.Lorenzo Mosca is a full professor of sociology of communication in the Department of Economics and Management, Parma University. He is a member of the teaching staff of the PhD in Sociology and Methodology of Social Research (SOMET) and has worked on several European research projects (Europub.com, Demos, Younex) and won national (FIRB, PRIN) and international (Volkswagen Foundation, Horizon Europe) competitive grants as PI or co-PI. He has collaborated on several occasions with the Istituto Cattaneo in Bologna and the V-Dem Institute (Varieties of Democracy) at the University of Gothenburg as a national expert. His research interests include the sociology of digital media and political communication, the sociology of participatory processes, civil society, political parties and social movements, and populism.Christina Neumayer is an associate professor at the Center for Tracking & Society in the Department of Communication at the University of Copenhagen. Much of her research revolves around the role of digital media technologies, artificial intelligence and data for political contention, protest, activism, racism, civic engagement, social movements and, more broadly, political communication. Her recent publications include the edited volume The Playful Politics of Memes (with Mette Mortensen, Routledge, 2023).

• 1 Protest and Democracy: How Movement Parties, Social Movements and Active Citizens Are Reshaping EuropeClaudius Wagemann, Toma Burean, Dan Mercea, Lorenzo Mosca and Christina Neumayer2 Democratic Quality and the Triple Interaction of Social Movements, Movement Parties and Citizens: From Protests to InstitutionsDan Mercea, Dana S. Trif and Claudius Wagemann3 Methodological Pluralism in the Study of Political ParticipationFelipe G. Santos and Claudius Wagemann4 Young Democrats, Critical Citizens and Protest Voters: Studying the Profiles of Movement Party SupportersFelipe G. Santos and Dan Mercea5 Identifying the Faultline(s) of Social Inclusion: The Ideologies of USR, Momentum and The AlternativeDana S. Trif, Diana Margarit and Toma Burean6 Changing Strategies, Shifting Responses: How Movement Parties and the Traditional Media InteractLorenzo Mosca and Fred Paxton7 Movement Parties on Social Media between Protest and Polity ArenaMatthias Hoffmann and Christina Neumayer8 The Fate of Social Movements’ Demands: Varieties of Movement Parties’ Policy Influence in Institutional SettingsClaudius Wagemann, Daria Glukhova and Anna Geyer9 On Movement Parties and Democratic QualityFred Paxton, Daria Glukhova, Matthias Hoffmann, Diana Margarit and Felipe G. Santos