Natalie Brinham is a researcher and author working on statelessness, ID systems, forced migration, and genocide. She also has many years of experience working in the UK and Southeast Asia in human rights, advocacy, and frontline provision for refugees and migrants. She holds a PhD in Legal Studies from Queen Mary University of London and an MA in Gender, Education and International Development from University College London.

Learning from Rohingya people and experiences, this powerful book connects ID cards and genocide. It reframes citizenship, statehood and ID cards to hold to account, not just the Myanmar government but the international community.Bridget Anderson, Professor of Migration, Mobilities and Citizenship. University of Bristol, UKThis book examines the links between state registration procedures and mass violence. Foregrounding the voices of Rohingya survivors from Myanmar, it offers human rights advocates and policy makers an important critique and analysis to reflect upon when developing interventions around statelessness and the ‘legal identity for all’ international development agenda.Yanghee Lee, Professor Emeritus, Sungkyunkwan University & Former UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar (2014 to 2020)This book offers a brilliant and insightful analysis of how the experiences and understandings of the Rohingya diverge from those of the state and the international actors. This is a timely and extremely valuable contribution to the scholarship on statelessness. It is engaging, exciting and provocative.Ratna Kapur, Professor of International Law, Queen Mary University of London, UKMyanmar’s misuse of the citizenship law and ID card system is at the heart of the Rohingya suffering and loss. When we tell the stories of our citizenship, our voices are often buried under piles of legalese and paperwork. This book calls for Rohingya knowledge and experience to be put at the forefront of international interventions; a vital read for those working on statelessness and genocide.Jaivet Ealom, CEO of Rohingya Centre of Canada and Author of “Escape from Manus”

• 1. Introduction: IDs for Rohingya: ‘Pathways to Citizenship’ or ‘Instruments of Genocide’? 2. Papers, Cards, and Perilous Encounters with the State: Identity documents, oral histories and state crime research 3. By-passing State Power and Neutralising State Bureaucracies in International Approaches to Statelessness4. State Power and Identification Schemes in Rakhine: From the British colonial period to Burma’s independence5. IDs as Evidence of State Crime and Artefacts from the Early Decades of Independence6. Genocide and Identity Destruction in Rohingya ID Narratives7. ‘Genocide Cards’: IDs, Registration, and the Phases of Rohingya Genocide 8. IDs and International Approaches to Rohingya Statelessness: Towards social inclusion or identity destruction? 9. Conclusion: Seeing the State and Criminality in Statelessness

Natalie Brinham is a researcher and author working on statelessness, ID systems, forced migration, and genocide. She also has many years of experience working in the UK and Southeast Asia in human rights, advocacy, and frontline provision for refugees and migrants. She holds a PhD in Legal Studies from Queen Mary University of London and an MA in Gender, Education and International Development from University College London.

Learning from Rohingya people and experiences, this powerful book connects ID cards and genocide. It reframes citizenship, statehood and ID cards to hold to account, not just the Myanmar government but the international community.Bridget Anderson, Professor of Migration, Mobilities and Citizenship. University of Bristol, UKThis book examines the links between state registration procedures and mass violence. Foregrounding the voices of Rohingya survivors from Myanmar, it offers human rights advocates and policy makers an important critique and analysis to reflect upon when developing interventions around statelessness and the ‘legal identity for all’ international development agenda.Yanghee Lee, Professor Emeritus, Sungkyunkwan University & Former UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar (2014 to 2020)This book offers a brilliant and insightful analysis of how the experiences and understandings of the Rohingya diverge from those of the state and the international actors. This is a timely and extremely valuable contribution to the scholarship on statelessness. It is engaging, exciting and provocative.Ratna Kapur, Professor of International Law, Queen Mary University of London, UKMyanmar’s misuse of the citizenship law and ID card system is at the heart of the Rohingya suffering and loss. When we tell the stories of our citizenship, our voices are often buried under piles of legalese and paperwork. This book calls for Rohingya knowledge and experience to be put at the forefront of international interventions; a vital read for those working on statelessness and genocide.Jaivet Ealom, CEO of Rohingya Centre of Canada and Author of “Escape from Manus”

• 1. Introduction: IDs for Rohingya: ‘Pathways to Citizenship’ or ‘Instruments of Genocide’? 2. Papers, Cards, and Perilous Encounters with the State: Identity documents, oral histories and state crime research 3. By-passing State Power and Neutralising State Bureaucracies in International Approaches to Statelessness4. State Power and Identification Schemes in Rakhine: From the British colonial period to Burma’s independence5. IDs as Evidence of State Crime and Artefacts from the Early Decades of Independence6. Genocide and Identity Destruction in Rohingya ID Narratives7. ‘Genocide Cards’: IDs, Registration, and the Phases of Rohingya Genocide 8. IDs and International Approaches to Rohingya Statelessness: Towards social inclusion or identity destruction? 9. Conclusion: Seeing the State and Criminality in Statelessness

Natalie Brinham is a researcher and author working on statelessness, ID systems, forced migration, and genocide. She also has many years of experience working in the UK and Southeast Asia in human rights, advocacy, and frontline provision for refugees and migrants. She holds a PhD in Legal Studies from Queen Mary University of London and an MA in Gender, Education and International Development from University College London.

Learning from Rohingya people and experiences, this powerful book connects ID cards and genocide. It reframes citizenship, statehood and ID cards to hold to account, not just the Myanmar government but the international community.Bridget Anderson, Professor of Migration, Mobilities and Citizenship. University of Bristol, UKThis book examines the links between state registration procedures and mass violence. Foregrounding the voices of Rohingya survivors from Myanmar, it offers human rights advocates and policy makers an important critique and analysis to reflect upon when developing interventions around statelessness and the ‘legal identity for all’ international development agenda.Yanghee Lee, Professor Emeritus, Sungkyunkwan University & Former UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar (2014 to 2020)This book offers a brilliant and insightful analysis of how the experiences and understandings of the Rohingya diverge from those of the state and the international actors. This is a timely and extremely valuable contribution to the scholarship on statelessness. It is engaging, exciting and provocative.Ratna Kapur, Professor of International Law, Queen Mary University of London, UKMyanmar’s misuse of the citizenship law and ID card system is at the heart of the Rohingya suffering and loss. When we tell the stories of our citizenship, our voices are often buried under piles of legalese and paperwork. This book calls for Rohingya knowledge and experience to be put at the forefront of international interventions; a vital read for those working on statelessness and genocide.Jaivet Ealom, CEO of Rohingya Centre of Canada and Author of “Escape from Manus”

• 1. Introduction: IDs for Rohingya: ‘Pathways to Citizenship’ or ‘Instruments of Genocide’? 2. Papers, Cards, and Perilous Encounters with the State: Identity documents, oral histories and state crime research 3. By-passing State Power and Neutralising State Bureaucracies in International Approaches to Statelessness4. State Power and Identification Schemes in Rakhine: From the British colonial period to Burma’s independence5. IDs as Evidence of State Crime and Artefacts from the Early Decades of Independence6. Genocide and Identity Destruction in Rohingya ID Narratives7. ‘Genocide Cards’: IDs, Registration, and the Phases of Rohingya Genocide 8. IDs and International Approaches to Rohingya Statelessness: Towards social inclusion or identity destruction? 9. Conclusion: Seeing the State and Criminality in Statelessness