Edited by Nikolaus Thumm, former Chief Economist, European Patent Office, Senior Scientific Advisor, ETH Board, Zurich, Switzerland and Associate, Technische Universität Berlin and Knut Blind, Professor of Innovation Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Technische Universität Berlin and Head of the Business Unit Innovation and Regulation, Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research ISI, Karlsruhe, Germany

‘Blending deep historical insights with forward-looking analysis, this expertly curated volume examines the enduring relevance of patents in today’s rapidly evolving technological and economic landscape. Thumm and Blind have assembled outstanding contributions from renowned experts, illuminating how this cornerstone of innovation policy must adapt to 21st-century challenges.’

• ContentsIntroduction to A Modern Guide to Patents 1Nikolaus Thumm and Knut BlindPART I PATENT MANAGEMENT1 Patent management in the 21st century 20Ruud Peters and Severin de Wit2 Patent management in a digital and AI world 49Beat WeibelPART II SPECIFIC CHALLENGES: ARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCE, PATENT ASSERTION ENTITIESAND TRADE SECRETS3 The soul of inventorship in the patent system 67Garry A. Gabison4 Patent assertion entities in technology markets: Practices,recent trends, and policy concerns 92Cesare Righi and Valerio Sterzi5 Trade secrets as a complementary tool to patenting in the dataeconomy of the 21st century 118Alfred Radauer, Martin A. Bader, Tanya Aplin, Ute Konopka,Nicola Searle, Reinhard Altenburger and Christine BachnerPART III PATENT MANAGEMENT IN TIMES OF PANDEMICS6 Overview of filing routes and patent families of COVID-19related inventions 142Catalina Martínez, Christopher Harrison and Aled Matthews7 Patent pledges as portfolio management tools: benefits,obligations, and enforcement 166Jorge L. ContrerasPART IV STANDARD ESSENTIAL PATENTS8 Internet of Things and licensing: SEPs and FRANDdetermination 198Claudia Tapia9 SEP portfolio management 234Tim PohlmannPART V AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY10 From Benz to byte – the permanent change in the automotiveindustry and its future impact on patenting, standardizationand regulation 266Uwe WiesnerPART VI PATENT ENFORCEMENT11 Intellectual property infringement: a persistent threat to theworld economy 299Piotr Stryszowski12 Creation and sharing of innovations: the role of openingmechanisms provided by patent law 321Heinz Goddar, Melanie Müller and Jonathan Porath

Edited by Nikolaus Thumm, former Chief Economist, European Patent Office, Senior Scientific Advisor, ETH Board, Zurich, Switzerland and Associate, Technische Universität Berlin and Knut Blind, Professor of Innovation Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Technische Universität Berlin and Head of the Business Unit Innovation and Regulation, Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research ISI, Karlsruhe, Germany

‘Blending deep historical insights with forward-looking analysis, this expertly curated volume examines the enduring relevance of patents in today’s rapidly evolving technological and economic landscape. Thumm and Blind have assembled outstanding contributions from renowned experts, illuminating how this cornerstone of innovation policy must adapt to 21st-century challenges.’

• ContentsIntroduction to A Modern Guide to Patents 1Nikolaus Thumm and Knut BlindPART I PATENT MANAGEMENT1 Patent management in the 21st century 20Ruud Peters and Severin de Wit2 Patent management in a digital and AI world 49Beat WeibelPART II SPECIFIC CHALLENGES: ARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCE, PATENT ASSERTION ENTITIESAND TRADE SECRETS3 The soul of inventorship in the patent system 67Garry A. Gabison4 Patent assertion entities in technology markets: Practices,recent trends, and policy concerns 92Cesare Righi and Valerio Sterzi5 Trade secrets as a complementary tool to patenting in the dataeconomy of the 21st century 118Alfred Radauer, Martin A. Bader, Tanya Aplin, Ute Konopka,Nicola Searle, Reinhard Altenburger and Christine BachnerPART III PATENT MANAGEMENT IN TIMES OF PANDEMICS6 Overview of filing routes and patent families of COVID-19related inventions 142Catalina Martínez, Christopher Harrison and Aled Matthews7 Patent pledges as portfolio management tools: benefits,obligations, and enforcement 166Jorge L. ContrerasPART IV STANDARD ESSENTIAL PATENTS8 Internet of Things and licensing: SEPs and FRANDdetermination 198Claudia Tapia9 SEP portfolio management 234Tim PohlmannPART V AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY10 From Benz to byte – the permanent change in the automotiveindustry and its future impact on patenting, standardizationand regulation 266Uwe WiesnerPART VI PATENT ENFORCEMENT11 Intellectual property infringement: a persistent threat to theworld economy 299Piotr Stryszowski12 Creation and sharing of innovations: the role of openingmechanisms provided by patent law 321Heinz Goddar, Melanie Müller and Jonathan Porath

Edited by Nikolaus Thumm, former Chief Economist, European Patent Office, Senior Scientific Advisor, ETH Board, Zurich, Switzerland and Associate, Technische Universität Berlin and Knut Blind, Professor of Innovation Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Technische Universität Berlin and Head of the Business Unit Innovation and Regulation, Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research ISI, Karlsruhe, Germany

‘Blending deep historical insights with forward-looking analysis, this expertly curated volume examines the enduring relevance of patents in today’s rapidly evolving technological and economic landscape. Thumm and Blind have assembled outstanding contributions from renowned experts, illuminating how this cornerstone of innovation policy must adapt to 21st-century challenges.’

• ContentsIntroduction to A Modern Guide to Patents 1Nikolaus Thumm and Knut BlindPART I PATENT MANAGEMENT1 Patent management in the 21st century 20Ruud Peters and Severin de Wit2 Patent management in a digital and AI world 49Beat WeibelPART II SPECIFIC CHALLENGES: ARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCE, PATENT ASSERTION ENTITIESAND TRADE SECRETS3 The soul of inventorship in the patent system 67Garry A. Gabison4 Patent assertion entities in technology markets: Practices,recent trends, and policy concerns 92Cesare Righi and Valerio Sterzi5 Trade secrets as a complementary tool to patenting in the dataeconomy of the 21st century 118Alfred Radauer, Martin A. Bader, Tanya Aplin, Ute Konopka,Nicola Searle, Reinhard Altenburger and Christine BachnerPART III PATENT MANAGEMENT IN TIMES OF PANDEMICS6 Overview of filing routes and patent families of COVID-19related inventions 142Catalina Martínez, Christopher Harrison and Aled Matthews7 Patent pledges as portfolio management tools: benefits,obligations, and enforcement 166Jorge L. ContrerasPART IV STANDARD ESSENTIAL PATENTS8 Internet of Things and licensing: SEPs and FRANDdetermination 198Claudia Tapia9 SEP portfolio management 234Tim PohlmannPART V AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY10 From Benz to byte – the permanent change in the automotiveindustry and its future impact on patenting, standardizationand regulation 266Uwe WiesnerPART VI PATENT ENFORCEMENT11 Intellectual property infringement: a persistent threat to theworld economy 299Piotr Stryszowski12 Creation and sharing of innovations: the role of openingmechanisms provided by patent law 321Heinz Goddar, Melanie Müller and Jonathan Porath