Edited by Federico Fabbrini, Full Professor of EU Law, School of Law and Government, Dublin City University, Ireland, Founding Director of the Brexit Institute and Dublin European Law Institute, and PI of the Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence REBUILD and Christy Ann Petit, Assistant Professor of Law and EU Banking and Finance Law, School of Law and Government, Dublin City University, Ireland and Deputy Director of the Brexit Institute

‘[Research Handbook on Post-Pandemic EU Economic Governance and NGEU Law], edited by Federico Fabbrini and Christy Ann Petit, compiles 22 essays by 26 authors and analyzes how European governance changed under the pressures of the pandemic, the economic and employment crisis, and the Russia-Ukraine war. Central to this transformation is the establishment of a “Fiscal Capacity”.’

• Contents1 Introduction to the Research Handbook on Post-Pandemic EUEconomic Governance and NGEU Law 1Federico Fabbrini and Christy Ann PetitPART I COVID-19 AND EU ECONOMIC LAW2 Covid-19 and Monetary Union 11Annelieke Mooij3 Covid-19 and Fiscal Union 24Fabian Amtenbrink4 Covid-19 and Financial Union 43Christy Ann PetitPART II PANDEMIC-RELATED DEVELOPMENTS5 European stability mechanism 65Tomi Tuominen6 Support to Mitigate Unemployment in an Emergency – SURE 80Ian Cooper7 State aid 93Juan Jorge Piernas LópezPART III NGEU: STRUCTURES AND IMPLEMENTATION8 Recovery and resilience facility 110Stefania Baroncelli9 REPowerEU 128Rosalba Famà10 National recovery and resilience plans 145Jonathan Zeitlin, David Bokhorst and Edgars EihmanisPART IV NGEU: OBJECTIVES AND VALUES11 Digital and green: reconciling the EU twin transitions in times of warand energy crisis 162Edoardo Celeste and Goran Dominioni12 Milestones and targets 180Niall Moran13 Rule of law conditionality 196Niels KirstPART V NGEU: GOVERNANCE14 Decision-making: European Council, Council and Commission 211Maria Patrin15 Accountability: European Parliament 226Alastair MacIver16 Financial oversight: internal and external control authorities 238Pauline Thinus and Paul DerminePART VI NGEU: FUNDING17 The Own Resources Decision (ORD) and EU public finances 256Ana Belén Macho Pérez18 The Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) and the Carbon BorderAdjustment Mechanism (CBAM) 273Maria Kendrick19 The OECD/G20 and the EU global minimum tax 283Carlo GarbarinoPART VII EU ECONOMIC LAW BEYOND NGEU20 The new Stability and Growth Pact: innovation and continuity in thelight of NextGenerationEU 300Lucio R. Pench21 NGEU and the international role of the euro 329Pier Mario Lupinu and Anna Machura-Urbaniak22 EU fiscal capacity and the funding of the war in Ukraine 346Federico Fabbrini

Edited by Federico Fabbrini, Full Professor of EU Law, School of Law and Government, Dublin City University, Ireland, Founding Director of the Brexit Institute and Dublin European Law Institute, and PI of the Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence REBUILD and Christy Ann Petit, Assistant Professor of Law and EU Banking and Finance Law, School of Law and Government, Dublin City University, Ireland and Deputy Director of the Brexit Institute

‘[Research Handbook on Post-Pandemic EU Economic Governance and NGEU Law], edited by Federico Fabbrini and Christy Ann Petit, compiles 22 essays by 26 authors and analyzes how European governance changed under the pressures of the pandemic, the economic and employment crisis, and the Russia-Ukraine war. Central to this transformation is the establishment of a “Fiscal Capacity”.’

• Contents1 Introduction to the Research Handbook on Post-Pandemic EUEconomic Governance and NGEU Law 1Federico Fabbrini and Christy Ann PetitPART I COVID-19 AND EU ECONOMIC LAW2 Covid-19 and Monetary Union 11Annelieke Mooij3 Covid-19 and Fiscal Union 24Fabian Amtenbrink4 Covid-19 and Financial Union 43Christy Ann PetitPART II PANDEMIC-RELATED DEVELOPMENTS5 European stability mechanism 65Tomi Tuominen6 Support to Mitigate Unemployment in an Emergency – SURE 80Ian Cooper7 State aid 93Juan Jorge Piernas LópezPART III NGEU: STRUCTURES AND IMPLEMENTATION8 Recovery and resilience facility 110Stefania Baroncelli9 REPowerEU 128Rosalba Famà10 National recovery and resilience plans 145Jonathan Zeitlin, David Bokhorst and Edgars EihmanisPART IV NGEU: OBJECTIVES AND VALUES11 Digital and green: reconciling the EU twin transitions in times of warand energy crisis 162Edoardo Celeste and Goran Dominioni12 Milestones and targets 180Niall Moran13 Rule of law conditionality 196Niels KirstPART V NGEU: GOVERNANCE14 Decision-making: European Council, Council and Commission 211Maria Patrin15 Accountability: European Parliament 226Alastair MacIver16 Financial oversight: internal and external control authorities 238Pauline Thinus and Paul DerminePART VI NGEU: FUNDING17 The Own Resources Decision (ORD) and EU public finances 256Ana Belén Macho Pérez18 The Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) and the Carbon BorderAdjustment Mechanism (CBAM) 273Maria Kendrick19 The OECD/G20 and the EU global minimum tax 283Carlo GarbarinoPART VII EU ECONOMIC LAW BEYOND NGEU20 The new Stability and Growth Pact: innovation and continuity in thelight of NextGenerationEU 300Lucio R. Pench21 NGEU and the international role of the euro 329Pier Mario Lupinu and Anna Machura-Urbaniak22 EU fiscal capacity and the funding of the war in Ukraine 346Federico Fabbrini

Edited by Federico Fabbrini, Full Professor of EU Law, School of Law and Government, Dublin City University, Ireland, Founding Director of the Brexit Institute and Dublin European Law Institute, and PI of the Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence REBUILD and Christy Ann Petit, Assistant Professor of Law and EU Banking and Finance Law, School of Law and Government, Dublin City University, Ireland and Deputy Director of the Brexit Institute

‘[Research Handbook on Post-Pandemic EU Economic Governance and NGEU Law], edited by Federico Fabbrini and Christy Ann Petit, compiles 22 essays by 26 authors and analyzes how European governance changed under the pressures of the pandemic, the economic and employment crisis, and the Russia-Ukraine war. Central to this transformation is the establishment of a “Fiscal Capacity”.’

• Contents1 Introduction to the Research Handbook on Post-Pandemic EUEconomic Governance and NGEU Law 1Federico Fabbrini and Christy Ann PetitPART I COVID-19 AND EU ECONOMIC LAW2 Covid-19 and Monetary Union 11Annelieke Mooij3 Covid-19 and Fiscal Union 24Fabian Amtenbrink4 Covid-19 and Financial Union 43Christy Ann PetitPART II PANDEMIC-RELATED DEVELOPMENTS5 European stability mechanism 65Tomi Tuominen6 Support to Mitigate Unemployment in an Emergency – SURE 80Ian Cooper7 State aid 93Juan Jorge Piernas LópezPART III NGEU: STRUCTURES AND IMPLEMENTATION8 Recovery and resilience facility 110Stefania Baroncelli9 REPowerEU 128Rosalba Famà10 National recovery and resilience plans 145Jonathan Zeitlin, David Bokhorst and Edgars EihmanisPART IV NGEU: OBJECTIVES AND VALUES11 Digital and green: reconciling the EU twin transitions in times of warand energy crisis 162Edoardo Celeste and Goran Dominioni12 Milestones and targets 180Niall Moran13 Rule of law conditionality 196Niels KirstPART V NGEU: GOVERNANCE14 Decision-making: European Council, Council and Commission 211Maria Patrin15 Accountability: European Parliament 226Alastair MacIver16 Financial oversight: internal and external control authorities 238Pauline Thinus and Paul DerminePART VI NGEU: FUNDING17 The Own Resources Decision (ORD) and EU public finances 256Ana Belén Macho Pérez18 The Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) and the Carbon BorderAdjustment Mechanism (CBAM) 273Maria Kendrick19 The OECD/G20 and the EU global minimum tax 283Carlo GarbarinoPART VII EU ECONOMIC LAW BEYOND NGEU20 The new Stability and Growth Pact: innovation and continuity in thelight of NextGenerationEU 300Lucio R. Pench21 NGEU and the international role of the euro 329Pier Mario Lupinu and Anna Machura-Urbaniak22 EU fiscal capacity and the funding of the war in Ukraine 346Federico Fabbrini