Elgar Encyclopedia of Transport and Society

Edited by John D. Nelson, Transport for NSW Chair and Professor of Public Transport, Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies, the University of Sydney, Australia, Corinne Mulley, Professor Emerita, Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies, the University of Sydney, Australia and Stephen Ison, Professor of Transport Policy, De Montfort University, UK and Honorary Professor of Transport Policy, the University of Sydney, Australia

‘I am blown away by the breadth of this Encyclopedia and the insights it offers. Its over 200 entries cover every mode I can think of, most of the theoretical concepts I teach in my class, and the hottest topics of the day, including flight shaming, dark kitchens, and drones. It is an invaluable reference for students, professionals, and researchers alike on the connections between transport and society.’

• ContentsPreface to Elgar Encyclopedia ofTransport and SocietyJohn D. Nelson, Corinne Mulley,and Stephen IsonAccessibility measurementBert van WeeActive accessibilityDavid ValeActive travel and healthJennifer L. KentActive travel and schoolsFiona Crawford and Asa ThomasAdvanced air mobilityAdam Cohen and Susan A. ShaheenAerial tramwaysAxel KühnAeropoliticsDavid Timothy DuvalAerotropolisMatt Faber and Isabella KimAgeingCharles MusselwhiteAgglomeration economiesCorinne MulleyAir freight and logisticsAisling Reynolds-FeighanAir qualityAnil NamdeoAirline ancillary revenuesDavid Warnock-SmithAirline deregulationKenneth ButtonAirline faresClaudio A. PigaAirline noiseSonia Huderek-GlapskaAirline safetyGraham BraithwaiteAirline schedulingCheng-Lung WuAirport decarbonisationMohammad Mehdi KambariAirport ground accessLucy Budd and Stephen IsonAirport infrastructurePeter J. Forsyth and Hans-MartinNiemeierAirport ownershipFederico RotondoAirport privatisationAnne GrahamAirport securityMarina EfthymiouAirport service qualityAnne GrahamAirports and regional developmentNoel Hiney and Marina EfthymiouArtificial intelligenceWei-Ting Hong and Emily MoylanAutonomous vehiclesKara Kockelman and FatemehFakhrmoosaviAviation and the impact of COVID-19Lucy Budd and Stephen IsonAviation climate change impactsand adaptationRachel BurbidgeBenchmarking public transportRichard AndersonBig data and transportPiyushimita (Vonu) ThakuriahBuilt environment and sustainable travelSara Haider and Jennifer L. KentBus priorityTingsen (Tim) Xian and Emily MoylanBus privatisation and deregulationJonathan CowieBus rapid transitRicardo GiesenCar-based sharingJenni VestinenCar-free developmentGraham Parkhurst and Steve MeliaCarbon offsettingRobert MayerCharter airlinesDavid Ramos-Pérez and FrédéricDobruszkesCity logisticsMichael G.H. BellClimate changeMaria Attard and Lucy BuddClimate change and aviationTim RyleyCoach servicesPeter WhiteCoastal ferryJames D. Frost and Mary R. BrooksCommunity transportTara Russell, Victoria Armstrong,and Scott BogrenCo-modalityVeronica Schulz, Michael G.H.Bell, and Shengda ZhuCongestionRoger VickermanContracts (public service)Didier M. van de VeldeCrowding in public transportChinh Q. HoCyclingJohn ParkinCycling safetyKenneth Derryberry and Ralph BuehlerDark kitchensDat Le, Michael G.H. Bell, andGlenn GeersDark storesIria González-Romero and HeleenBuldeo RaiData privacyDave MilneDecarbonisationBrian CaulfieldDemand-responsive transportSteve Wright and Barbara T.H. YenDigital railwayBoban DjordjevićDisabilityRoger MackettDrink drivingNatalie Watson-Brown, BarryWatson, and Mark KingDrone logisticsMatt Grote and Tom CherrettE-bikesMiguel LoyolaE-cargo bikesLucy Budd and Stephen IsonE-commerceValerio Gatta, Ila Maltese, andEdoardo MarcucciEfficiency measurementBarbara T.H. YenElectric vehiclesCraig MortonElectric vehicles and social equityZiad Yassine and Susan A. ShaheenEquityKarel MartensE-scootersYuting ZhangEuropean common transport policyDominic SteadEvaluationGlen WeisbrodFairnessVanessa TernesFare evasionSebastián RaveauFare-free public transportWojciech KębłowskiFirst- and last-mile connectionChristoffel VenterFlight shameSteven Griggs and David HowarthFood logisticsMichael Bourlakis and Emmanuel SawyerrForced car ownershipAngela CurlFreight transport decarbonisationLóránt TavasszyFreight transport policyJason MoniosFrequent flyer programmesSveinn Vidar Gudmundsson andEvert de BoerFull-service network carriersYue Hu and Frank WitloxGenderLucy BuddGeneralised costRoger VickermanGentrificationLara K. MotteeGig economyGeraint Harvey, NaveenaPrakasam, and Refat ShakirzhanovGlobal SouthMaria de Fátima S.R. Arthur andIara Luisa Magalhães PopinskyGovernanceWijnand VeenemanGuided busway systemsFrits OlyslagersHazardous materials transport by railChen-Yu LinHealthcare and urban logisticsLiz Breen and Sarah SchifflingHigh-speed railRoberto PalacinHome deliveriesLeon Booth and Simone PettigrewHumanitarian logisticsTamara Kirkwood-Wright andClaire Louise TraversIndigenous transportDavid DenmarkInduced demandJohn Stanley and David A. HensherInformal passenger transportBrendan FinnInfrastructure investmentMartin LockeInfrastructure planningAndres Monzon and Elena LopezIntegrating passenger and freight transportSilvio Nocera, FrancescoBruzzone, and Federico CavallaroIntelligent mobilityStephen Potter, Matthew Cook,and Miguel ValdezIntercity railwaysSimon BlaineyIslandsMaria AttardIslands ferriesMaria LekakouJourney plannersJohn D. NelsonLand-use planningJianqiang CuiLand-use planning and parkingKendall BanfieldLand value uplift and captureCorinne Mulley and Barbara T.H. YenLast-mile deliveryTakanori SakaiLight railAxel KühnLogistics managementTony WhiteingLow-cost carriersRichard KlophausLow-traffic neighbourhoodsAsa ThomasMaritime decarbonisationAykut I. Ölçer and Levent BilgiliMicromobilityMargaret Winchcomb and Lorna StevensonMicrotransitSteve WrightMobilitiesPeter AdeyMobility as a Service (MaaS)David A. HensherMobility hubsThomas Arnold and Andrew TimmisMobility povertyTobias Kuttler and Massimo MoraglioMobility technologies and space reallocationMiloš N. MladenovićMultimodalityRumana SarkerNationalisationJohn PrestonNoiseAbigail L. Bristow and Kirill V.HoroshenkovOff-street parkingDavid KingOmnichannel logisticsHeleen Buldeo RaiOn-street parkingRachel WeinbergerParcel deliveriesRussell G. ThompsonPark-and-rideGraham ParkhurstParking pricingDonald ShoupParticipatory planningEdoardo Marcucci, Ila Maltese,and Valerio GattaPedestrian safetyDilum Dissanayake and PriyanthaWedagamaPedestriansGrigorios Fountas and AchilleFonzonePersons with reduced mobilityBryan MatthewsPlacemakingCourtney BabbPlanning philosophyAxel KühnPlanning public transportPeter WhitePoint-to-point transportMiguel Loyola and Joseph RodriguezProject prioritisationGlen WeisbrodPublic engagementMichela Le PiraPublic Service Obligations (PSOs)Lucy Budd and Stephen IsonPublic transport accessibilityCarey Curtis and Jan ScheurerPublic transport and the impact ofCOVID-19Takeru ShibayamaPublic transport concessions and franchisingDavid AshmorePublic transport crimeVania CeccatoPublic transport decarbonisationEleanor ShortPublic transport faresMarco BatarcePublic transport integrationCorinne Mulley and John D. NelsonPublic transport interchangeBarbara T.H. Yen and Robert B.C. LiuPublic transport network planningCorinne Mulley and John D. NelsonQuality bus partnershipsJon Parker and Richard WellingsRail decarbonisationRoberto PalacinRail freightChen-Yu LinRail network planningNigel G. HarrisRail privatisationJohn PrestonRail regulationAndrew Smith and Chris NashRail safetyWei-Ting HongRail service planningNigel G. HarrisRailway infrastructureNathan DarrochReal-time passenger informationAchille Fonzone, GrigoriosFountas, and Arkadiusz DrabickiRegional air servicesLucy Budd and Stephen IsonRegional airlinesSilke J. ForbesRegional airportsJolien PauwelsRetail deliveriesLeigh SparksRevealed and stated preferenceCamila BalbontinRoad infrastructureJames ReynoldsRoad user chargingGeorgina SantosRoad user charging acceptanceNeil ThorpeRoad user charging incentivesMichiel C.J. Bliemer and Allister LoderRoboticsBrendan DoodyRural co-modalityChia-Chen WuRural public transportJohn D. NelsonRural transport planningLaurie Pickup and Mike AxonSafetyMark BeecroftSchool travelFiona CrawfordSecurityMark BeecroftSelf-service check-inCharukit ChaiwanService quality for passengersNguyen Van Truong, TetsuoShimizu, and Pham Duy HoangSeverancePaulo AnciaesShared autonomous vehiclesArkar Than WinShared spaceAbdullah Zareh AndaryanSmart cardsJan-Dirk SchmöckerSocial dilemmasEwelina Marek-AndrzejewskaSocial exclusionJohn Stanley and Janet StanleySocial media dataSusan Grant-MullerSocial railwaysTorben Holvad and Anna GigantinoSpatial proximityDominic SteadSubsidyJohn PrestonSuburban railwaysJames ReynoldsSustainable transportErling Holden and Geoffrey GilpinSustainable urban mobility plans (SUMPs)Dominic Stead and Dena KasraianSustainable urban travel behaviourin the developing worldAshish Verma and Furqan A. BhatTaxi and private hireMatthew W. DausTelecommuting/teleworkingHannah BudnitzTollsSvein Bråthen and James OdeckTourismDavid Timothy DuvalTrade unions and transportGeraint Harvey and Peter TurnbullTraffic controlYu-Chiun ChiouTramwaysAxel KühnTrans-European transport networksDominic SteadTransit-oriented developments (TODs)Anoulack ChanthivongTransport activismRebecca Clements and Crystal LegacyTransport and economic growthMike SalterTransport and healthMelanie Crane and Yvonne LairdTransport planningDimitris PotoglouTransport policyDominic SteadTransport technology and societyGlenn LyonsTransportation Network Companies (TNCs)Roger F. TealTravel behaviourVeronique Van AckerTravel behaviour changeElizabeth AmptTravel for its own sakeHannah HookTravel timeZheng Li and Chenyang WuTravel with dogsJennifer L. Kent and Corinne MulleyTrolleybusMichał WolańskiUltra-low emissions zones (uLEZ)Benjamin HeydeckerUnderground railwaysDong Lin and Jianqiang CuiUrban consolidation centresKonstantina Katsela and Michael BrowneUrban freightMichael Browne and Konstantina KatselaUrban freight and the impact of COVID-19Sandra Melo and Kenneth ButtonUrban planningAndrew TimmisVibrationMatthew Frost and Ashraf El-HamalawiVisual intrusionLike JiangWalkingTim JonesWaterbusShengda Zhu and Veronica SchulzWayfinding and wayshowingBarbara T.H. Yen and Robert B.C. LiuWellbeingLouise ReardonWorking from homeMatthew J. BeckWorkplace parking levyLucy Budd and Stephen IsonWorkplace travel plansSue Wiblin