Drawing on an original global mapping from decades of research, the book situates the emergence and development of these surveys within their broader social and economic contexts. It also compares the questionnaires adopted in six countries from the Global North and South, allowing for closer examination of how different contexts shape what is measured and how.This historical and comparative perspective is complemented by in-depth interviews with leading researchers and policymakers from a range of countries, offering a comprehensive panorama of the main potentials, challenges, and limits of these surveys. The book provides critical reflection on the application of quantitative methodologies in both academic research and cultural policymaking, examining methodological challenges and interpretive limitations.Addressed to researchers, policymakers, and cultural administrators, it seeks to contribute to the improvement of studies aimed at better understanding the dynamics of cultural engagement, strengthening the analytical tools through which participation in arts and culture is measured and interpreted across different contexts.