Eduardo G. Pereira is a worldwide recognized scholar and practitioner specializing in Natural Resources and Energy Law. His experience in this area – both academic and practical – is extensive. He has practical experience in over 50 jurisdictions covering America, Europe, Africa and Asia. Prof. Pereira concluded his doctoral thesis on oil and gas joint ventures at the University of Aberdeen (Scotland). He conducted postdoctoral research at the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies (University of Oxford, UK), the Scandinavian Institute of Maritime Law (University of Oslo, Norway), the Institute of Energy and Environment (University of São Paulo, Brazil), the Canadian Institute of Resources Law (University of Calgary, Canada), and more recently at the Naval War College, (Brazilian Navy, Brazil). Prof. Pereira possesses positions as a full-time, part-time, honorary, adjunct and/or visiting scholar in several leading academic institutions around the world. He is a series editor for the Global South Series at the Journal of Sustainable Development Law and Policy and an associate editor of OGEL. He is also the author and editor of several leading oil and gas textbooks. Further information about this profile can be found at www.eduardogpereira.comDamilola S. Olawuyi, SAN, FCIArb, is Professor of Law and the UNESCO Chair in Environmental Law and Sustainable Development at Hamad Bin Khalifa University Law School (Qatar). He is also Chancellor’s Fellow and Director of the Institute for Oil, Gas, Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development (OGEES Institute) at Afe Babalola University (Nigeria). He has served as a visiting professor at Columbia Law School (USA) and China University of Political Science and Law (China) and as a senior visiting research fellow at the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies (UK). Professor Olawuyi holds a DPhil in energy and environmental law from the University of Oxford, an LLM from Harvard University (USA), and another LLM from the University of Calgary (Canada). He has been admitted as a barrister and solicitor in Alberta, Canada; Ontario, Canada; and Nigeria. Further information about his profile and publications can be found at https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-981XAllan Ingelson is Professor in the Faculty of Law at the University of Calgary. He is the editor of the Canadian Energy Law Service (Carswell). He holds memberships in the Canadian Bar Association, the Association of International Petroleum Negotiators, the Academy of Legal Studies in Business, and the Law Society of Alberta. He has lectured on energy and environmental regulation in Lima, Peru; Houston, Texas; Delhi, India; Beijing, China; Sao Paulo, Brazil; Colombia; and Doha, Qatar.

• 1 Introduction 2 Definitions and Rationale 3 Stakeholders: Who Are the Key Stakeholders Involved? 4 Preliminary Issues: Assessing Local Content Capabilities and External Factors Before Setting Local Content Targets 5 Local Content and Development: Capacity Building in Local Content 6 Legal Framework: Interrelations Between Policies, Laws, Regulations and Contract 7 Government Participation and Incentives: To What Extent Should the Host Government Be Involved and Encourage Local Content? 8 Access to Finance for Small and Medium Enterprises in Developing Countries: Key Issues and Options 9 Local Content Policies, Sovereign Wealth Funds, and Corporate Social Responsibility 10 Canada’s Local Content Policies and Impact Benefit Agreements with Indigenous Peoples 11 Local Content Laws and Gender Equality in Africa’s Oil and Gas Sector 12 Local Content and Technology 13 Measurement and Monitoring Local Content: How To Monitor and Measure Local Content Implementation? 14 Breaches and Enforcement of Local Content: How To Address Local Content Breaches? 15 Exploring Local Content as a Tool for Addressing Resource Curse Challenge 16 Local Content and Possible Conflicts With Other International Obligations: Does Local Content Conflict With Bilateral, Regional and/or International Treaties? 17 Extractive Experiences: Common Trends and Lessons from Local Content Practices among the Extractive Industries 18 Local Content and the Energy Transition: Lessons From the Oil and Gas Industry 19 Should Local Content Come to an End at a Certain Stage? Why? 20 Local Content and Circular Economy 21 Conclusion

Eduardo G. Pereira is a worldwide recognized scholar and practitioner specializing in Natural Resources and Energy Law. His experience in this area – both academic and practical – is extensive. He has practical experience in over 50 jurisdictions covering America, Europe, Africa and Asia. Prof. Pereira concluded his doctoral thesis on oil and gas joint ventures at the University of Aberdeen (Scotland). He conducted postdoctoral research at the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies (University of Oxford, UK), the Scandinavian Institute of Maritime Law (University of Oslo, Norway), the Institute of Energy and Environment (University of São Paulo, Brazil), the Canadian Institute of Resources Law (University of Calgary, Canada), and more recently at the Naval War College, (Brazilian Navy, Brazil). Prof. Pereira possesses positions as a full-time, part-time, honorary, adjunct and/or visiting scholar in several leading academic institutions around the world. He is a series editor for the Global South Series at the Journal of Sustainable Development Law and Policy and an associate editor of OGEL. He is also the author and editor of several leading oil and gas textbooks. Further information about this profile can be found at www.eduardogpereira.comDamilola S. Olawuyi, SAN, FCIArb, is Professor of Law and the UNESCO Chair in Environmental Law and Sustainable Development at Hamad Bin Khalifa University Law School (Qatar). He is also Chancellor’s Fellow and Director of the Institute for Oil, Gas, Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development (OGEES Institute) at Afe Babalola University (Nigeria). He has served as a visiting professor at Columbia Law School (USA) and China University of Political Science and Law (China) and as a senior visiting research fellow at the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies (UK). Professor Olawuyi holds a DPhil in energy and environmental law from the University of Oxford, an LLM from Harvard University (USA), and another LLM from the University of Calgary (Canada). He has been admitted as a barrister and solicitor in Alberta, Canada; Ontario, Canada; and Nigeria. Further information about his profile and publications can be found at https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-981XAllan Ingelson is Professor in the Faculty of Law at the University of Calgary. He is the editor of the Canadian Energy Law Service (Carswell). He holds memberships in the Canadian Bar Association, the Association of International Petroleum Negotiators, the Academy of Legal Studies in Business, and the Law Society of Alberta. He has lectured on energy and environmental regulation in Lima, Peru; Houston, Texas; Delhi, India; Beijing, China; Sao Paulo, Brazil; Colombia; and Doha, Qatar.

• 1 Introduction 2 Definitions and Rationale 3 Stakeholders: Who Are the Key Stakeholders Involved? 4 Preliminary Issues: Assessing Local Content Capabilities and External Factors Before Setting Local Content Targets 5 Local Content and Development: Capacity Building in Local Content 6 Legal Framework: Interrelations Between Policies, Laws, Regulations and Contract 7 Government Participation and Incentives: To What Extent Should the Host Government Be Involved and Encourage Local Content? 8 Access to Finance for Small and Medium Enterprises in Developing Countries: Key Issues and Options 9 Local Content Policies, Sovereign Wealth Funds, and Corporate Social Responsibility 10 Canada’s Local Content Policies and Impact Benefit Agreements with Indigenous Peoples 11 Local Content Laws and Gender Equality in Africa’s Oil and Gas Sector 12 Local Content and Technology 13 Measurement and Monitoring Local Content: How To Monitor and Measure Local Content Implementation? 14 Breaches and Enforcement of Local Content: How To Address Local Content Breaches? 15 Exploring Local Content as a Tool for Addressing Resource Curse Challenge 16 Local Content and Possible Conflicts With Other International Obligations: Does Local Content Conflict With Bilateral, Regional and/or International Treaties? 17 Extractive Experiences: Common Trends and Lessons from Local Content Practices among the Extractive Industries 18 Local Content and the Energy Transition: Lessons From the Oil and Gas Industry 19 Should Local Content Come to an End at a Certain Stage? Why? 20 Local Content and Circular Economy 21 Conclusion

Eduardo G. Pereira is a worldwide recognized scholar and practitioner specializing in Natural Resources and Energy Law. His experience in this area – both academic and practical – is extensive. He has practical experience in over 50 jurisdictions covering America, Europe, Africa and Asia. Prof. Pereira concluded his doctoral thesis on oil and gas joint ventures at the University of Aberdeen (Scotland). He conducted postdoctoral research at the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies (University of Oxford, UK), the Scandinavian Institute of Maritime Law (University of Oslo, Norway), the Institute of Energy and Environment (University of São Paulo, Brazil), the Canadian Institute of Resources Law (University of Calgary, Canada), and more recently at the Naval War College, (Brazilian Navy, Brazil). Prof. Pereira possesses positions as a full-time, part-time, honorary, adjunct and/or visiting scholar in several leading academic institutions around the world. He is a series editor for the Global South Series at the Journal of Sustainable Development Law and Policy and an associate editor of OGEL. He is also the author and editor of several leading oil and gas textbooks. Further information about this profile can be found at www.eduardogpereira.comDamilola S. Olawuyi, SAN, FCIArb, is Professor of Law and the UNESCO Chair in Environmental Law and Sustainable Development at Hamad Bin Khalifa University Law School (Qatar). He is also Chancellor’s Fellow and Director of the Institute for Oil, Gas, Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development (OGEES Institute) at Afe Babalola University (Nigeria). He has served as a visiting professor at Columbia Law School (USA) and China University of Political Science and Law (China) and as a senior visiting research fellow at the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies (UK). Professor Olawuyi holds a DPhil in energy and environmental law from the University of Oxford, an LLM from Harvard University (USA), and another LLM from the University of Calgary (Canada). He has been admitted as a barrister and solicitor in Alberta, Canada; Ontario, Canada; and Nigeria. Further information about his profile and publications can be found at https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-981XAllan Ingelson is Professor in the Faculty of Law at the University of Calgary. He is the editor of the Canadian Energy Law Service (Carswell). He holds memberships in the Canadian Bar Association, the Association of International Petroleum Negotiators, the Academy of Legal Studies in Business, and the Law Society of Alberta. He has lectured on energy and environmental regulation in Lima, Peru; Houston, Texas; Delhi, India; Beijing, China; Sao Paulo, Brazil; Colombia; and Doha, Qatar.

• 1 Introduction 2 Definitions and Rationale 3 Stakeholders: Who Are the Key Stakeholders Involved? 4 Preliminary Issues: Assessing Local Content Capabilities and External Factors Before Setting Local Content Targets 5 Local Content and Development: Capacity Building in Local Content 6 Legal Framework: Interrelations Between Policies, Laws, Regulations and Contract 7 Government Participation and Incentives: To What Extent Should the Host Government Be Involved and Encourage Local Content? 8 Access to Finance for Small and Medium Enterprises in Developing Countries: Key Issues and Options 9 Local Content Policies, Sovereign Wealth Funds, and Corporate Social Responsibility 10 Canada’s Local Content Policies and Impact Benefit Agreements with Indigenous Peoples 11 Local Content Laws and Gender Equality in Africa’s Oil and Gas Sector 12 Local Content and Technology 13 Measurement and Monitoring Local Content: How To Monitor and Measure Local Content Implementation? 14 Breaches and Enforcement of Local Content: How To Address Local Content Breaches? 15 Exploring Local Content as a Tool for Addressing Resource Curse Challenge 16 Local Content and Possible Conflicts With Other International Obligations: Does Local Content Conflict With Bilateral, Regional and/or International Treaties? 17 Extractive Experiences: Common Trends and Lessons from Local Content Practices among the Extractive Industries 18 Local Content and the Energy Transition: Lessons From the Oil and Gas Industry 19 Should Local Content Come to an End at a Certain Stage? Why? 20 Local Content and Circular Economy 21 Conclusion