The International Institute for Strategic Studies is an independent centre for research, information and debate on the problems of conflict, however caused, that have, or potentially have, an important military content. The staff of the Institute is international in composition and IISS work is international in its perspective and reach. The Institute is independent and stresses rigorous fact-based research with a forward-looking policy orientation that can improve wider public understanding of international security problems and influence the development of sounder public policy, and more effective business decisions in the international arena.

'European security is being reshaped by the war in Ukraine. As European states increase their support to Ukraine’s war effort and sharpen focus on their military capabilities, consulting The Military Balance data helps outline the investments needed, and the capabilities gaps that need to be filled.'- Florence Parly, Former French Minister of the Armed Forces'Amid continuing conflict and broadening insecurity, The Military Balance provides essential facts and analysis for decision-makers and for better informed public debate.'- Dr Robert M. Gates, Former US Secretary of Defense and Director of Central Intelligence'The Military Balance is an invaluable source of the independent military capability assessments that are vital for the work of the defence sector.'- Thomas Enders, President of the German Council on Foreign Relations and Former Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of EADS and Airbus

• Editor’s IntroductionPart One: Capabilities, Trends and EconomicsChapter 1 Defence and military analysisChapter 2 North AmericaChapter 3 EuropeChapter 4 Russia and EurasiaChapter 5 AsiaChapter 6 Middle East and North AfricaChapter 7 Latin America and the CaribbeanChapter 8 Sub-Saharan AfricaPart Two: ReferenceExplanatory notesList of abbreviations for data sectionsInternational comparisons of defence expenditure and military personnelIndex of country/territory abbreviationsIndex of countries and territories

The International Institute for Strategic Studies is an independent centre for research, information and debate on the problems of conflict, however caused, that have, or potentially have, an important military content. The staff of the Institute is international in composition and IISS work is international in its perspective and reach. The Institute is independent and stresses rigorous fact-based research with a forward-looking policy orientation that can improve wider public understanding of international security problems and influence the development of sounder public policy, and more effective business decisions in the international arena.

'European security is being reshaped by the war in Ukraine. As European states increase their support to Ukraine’s war effort and sharpen focus on their military capabilities, consulting The Military Balance data helps outline the investments needed, and the capabilities gaps that need to be filled.'- Florence Parly, Former French Minister of the Armed Forces'Amid continuing conflict and broadening insecurity, The Military Balance provides essential facts and analysis for decision-makers and for better informed public debate.'- Dr Robert M. Gates, Former US Secretary of Defense and Director of Central Intelligence'The Military Balance is an invaluable source of the independent military capability assessments that are vital for the work of the defence sector.'- Thomas Enders, President of the German Council on Foreign Relations and Former Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of EADS and Airbus

• Editor’s IntroductionPart One: Capabilities, Trends and EconomicsChapter 1 Defence and military analysisChapter 2 North AmericaChapter 3 EuropeChapter 4 Russia and EurasiaChapter 5 AsiaChapter 6 Middle East and North AfricaChapter 7 Latin America and the CaribbeanChapter 8 Sub-Saharan AfricaPart Two: ReferenceExplanatory notesList of abbreviations for data sectionsInternational comparisons of defence expenditure and military personnelIndex of country/territory abbreviationsIndex of countries and territories