Khaled Hroub is a Professor at Northwestern University in Qatar. He previously taught Middle East history and politics at the University of Cambridge. His research focuses on Arab politics and religion, with emphasis on Palestine and the broader Middle East. He is the author of several books, including works on Hamas and religious broadcasting in the region. He holds a Ph.D. in International Relations from the University of Cambridge.Abdullah Baabood is the Qatar Chair for Islamic Area Studies and a Visiting Professor at Waseda University. He has held prominent academic positions at Qatar University and the University of Cambridge, with a focus on Gulf politics, economics, and foreign relations. He holds a Ph.D. in International Relations from the University of Cambridge and an MBA from the University of Kent.

• 1 Introduction – Islamists and the Arab Revolutions: Diverse Experiences and Bitter Lessons KHALED HROUB AND ABDULLAH BAABOOD2 Egypt – Walk in Place: Political and Ideological Revisionism within Egypt’s Post‑013 Muslim Brotherhood MOHAMMAD AFFAN AND HEBA RAOUF EZZAT3 Egypt – The Lure of Politics: Transformations of Egypt’s Salafists during and after the 2011 Revolution KHALIL AL‑ANANI4 Tunisia – The Tunisian Ennahda Movement after the 2020 Revolution: Failure and Uncertainty SALAH EDDIN JOURCHI5 Yemen – The Yemeni Islah Party: Developments and Stagnation in the Arab Spring ATEQ JARALLAH6 Morocco – Was There a “Moroccan Spring” for the Justice and Development Party? ABDELALI HAMIDINE7 Oman – Islamists and the “Omani Spring” SAID SULTAN AL HASHIMI8 Libya – Libyan Islamists during and after the Arab Spring OSAMA KUBBAR9 Jordan – The “Brotherhood” after the Arab Spring: Political, Intellectual, and Organizational Crises and Transformations MOHAMMAD ABU RUMMAN10 Bahrain and Kuwait’s Islamists and Their “Spring”: A Critique of the Experience BAQER ALNAJJAR11 Syria – Incomplete Transformations: Islamists and the Challenge of Revolution and Rule in Syria, 2011–2022 ABDULRAHMAN ALHAJ12 Sudan – Islamists in Power: From Freedom Seekers to Authoritarian Rulers KHALID ELTIGANI ELNOUR

Khaled Hroub is a Professor at Northwestern University in Qatar. He previously taught Middle East history and politics at the University of Cambridge. His research focuses on Arab politics and religion, with emphasis on Palestine and the broader Middle East. He is the author of several books, including works on Hamas and religious broadcasting in the region. He holds a Ph.D. in International Relations from the University of Cambridge.Abdullah Baabood is the Qatar Chair for Islamic Area Studies and a Visiting Professor at Waseda University. He has held prominent academic positions at Qatar University and the University of Cambridge, with a focus on Gulf politics, economics, and foreign relations. He holds a Ph.D. in International Relations from the University of Cambridge and an MBA from the University of Kent.

• 1 Introduction – Islamists and the Arab Revolutions: Diverse Experiences and Bitter Lessons KHALED HROUB AND ABDULLAH BAABOOD2 Egypt – Walk in Place: Political and Ideological Revisionism within Egypt’s Post‑013 Muslim Brotherhood MOHAMMAD AFFAN AND HEBA RAOUF EZZAT3 Egypt – The Lure of Politics: Transformations of Egypt’s Salafists during and after the 2011 Revolution KHALIL AL‑ANANI4 Tunisia – The Tunisian Ennahda Movement after the 2020 Revolution: Failure and Uncertainty SALAH EDDIN JOURCHI5 Yemen – The Yemeni Islah Party: Developments and Stagnation in the Arab Spring ATEQ JARALLAH6 Morocco – Was There a “Moroccan Spring” for the Justice and Development Party? ABDELALI HAMIDINE7 Oman – Islamists and the “Omani Spring” SAID SULTAN AL HASHIMI8 Libya – Libyan Islamists during and after the Arab Spring OSAMA KUBBAR9 Jordan – The “Brotherhood” after the Arab Spring: Political, Intellectual, and Organizational Crises and Transformations MOHAMMAD ABU RUMMAN10 Bahrain and Kuwait’s Islamists and Their “Spring”: A Critique of the Experience BAQER ALNAJJAR11 Syria – Incomplete Transformations: Islamists and the Challenge of Revolution and Rule in Syria, 2011–2022 ABDULRAHMAN ALHAJ12 Sudan – Islamists in Power: From Freedom Seekers to Authoritarian Rulers KHALID ELTIGANI ELNOUR

Khaled Hroub is a Professor at Northwestern University in Qatar. He previously taught Middle East history and politics at the University of Cambridge. His research focuses on Arab politics and religion, with emphasis on Palestine and the broader Middle East. He is the author of several books, including works on Hamas and religious broadcasting in the region. He holds a Ph.D. in International Relations from the University of Cambridge.Abdullah Baabood is the Qatar Chair for Islamic Area Studies and a Visiting Professor at Waseda University. He has held prominent academic positions at Qatar University and the University of Cambridge, with a focus on Gulf politics, economics, and foreign relations. He holds a Ph.D. in International Relations from the University of Cambridge and an MBA from the University of Kent.

• 1 Introduction – Islamists and the Arab Revolutions: Diverse Experiences and Bitter Lessons KHALED HROUB AND ABDULLAH BAABOOD2 Egypt – Walk in Place: Political and Ideological Revisionism within Egypt’s Post‑013 Muslim Brotherhood MOHAMMAD AFFAN AND HEBA RAOUF EZZAT3 Egypt – The Lure of Politics: Transformations of Egypt’s Salafists during and after the 2011 Revolution KHALIL AL‑ANANI4 Tunisia – The Tunisian Ennahda Movement after the 2020 Revolution: Failure and Uncertainty SALAH EDDIN JOURCHI5 Yemen – The Yemeni Islah Party: Developments and Stagnation in the Arab Spring ATEQ JARALLAH6 Morocco – Was There a “Moroccan Spring” for the Justice and Development Party? ABDELALI HAMIDINE7 Oman – Islamists and the “Omani Spring” SAID SULTAN AL HASHIMI8 Libya – Libyan Islamists during and after the Arab Spring OSAMA KUBBAR9 Jordan – The “Brotherhood” after the Arab Spring: Political, Intellectual, and Organizational Crises and Transformations MOHAMMAD ABU RUMMAN10 Bahrain and Kuwait’s Islamists and Their “Spring”: A Critique of the Experience BAQER ALNAJJAR11 Syria – Incomplete Transformations: Islamists and the Challenge of Revolution and Rule in Syria, 2011–2022 ABDULRAHMAN ALHAJ12 Sudan – Islamists in Power: From Freedom Seekers to Authoritarian Rulers KHALID ELTIGANI ELNOUR