Safety by Design

Frøy Birte Bjørneseth is an Associate Professor in Human Factors in the Department of Ocean Operations and Civil Engineering at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in Ålesund, Norway. She holds a PhD in Computer Science, with a focus on human–machine interaction and human factors in the maritime environment. She is also a Principal Engineer in Human Factors with 18 years of experience at Rolls-Royce Marine (now Kongsberg Maritime AS), a worldwide supplier of maritime equipment. Dr. Bjørneseth’s research focuses on human factors in maritime operations, with a primary focus on safety-critical applications and a holistic, human-centered design approach in operational environments. Her approach emphasizes usability, safety, and operational insight, contributing to the development of human-centered maritime technologies.Stig Ole Johnsen is a Senior Safety Scientist, Lecturer at NTNU (Norwegian University of Science and Technology) and NORD University in Norway. He holds a PhD and a Master’s degree in Technology Management and Science. His research focuses on safety science, human factors, and design in critical systems, with expertise in remote operations, automation, and AI in safety-critical environments. Dr. Johnsen leads the Human Factors in Control network in Norway and has contributed to numerous accident investigations. His work spans multiple industries, including oil and gas, maritime operations, and autonomous systems. He has published extensively on meaningful human control in automation, the verification and validation of safety-critical systems, and human factors in remote operations. His expertise bridges theoretical safety science with practical applications in increasingly automated environments.Ole Andreas Alsos is a Professor of Interaction Design at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and serves as Head of the Shore Control Lab. He holds an MSc in Computer Science and a PhD in Computer and Information Science from NTNU. Dr. Alsos specializes in human-computer interaction, with a focus on maritime technology, autonomous ships, and the design of shore control centers. His research explores how to enhance situational awareness and safety in maritime operations through innovative interface design. As leader of the Shore Control Lab, he oversees research on autonomous vessel monitoring and control systems, including work with the autonomous ferry prototypes milliAmpere1 and milliAmpere2.Vidar Hepsø is a Principal Researcher at Equinor Research and Technology and an Adjunct Professor at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). He earned his PhD in Social Anthropology from NTNU and specializes in integrated and remote operations, as well as human factors in technological environments. At Equinor, Dr. Hepsø serves as Human Factor Integration Lead, focusing on scaling control room solutions and remote operations for offshore wind across Norway, the UK, the US, and Poland. His research examines how new information and communication technologies enable innovative collaborative practices in industrial settings. Dr. Hepsø has published extensively on socio-material practices, information infrastructure development, and digitalization challenges in the energy sector.Dr. Gunhild B. Sætren is a professor and manager at the Arctic Safety Centre at the University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Norway. She specializes in safety psychology and human factors, with extensive experience in high-risk contexts and a focus on human–machine interaction. She manages the Arctic Safety Centre at the University Centre in Svalbard, overseeing research projects on human performance in extreme environments. She has also been awarded the title of Excellent Teaching Practitioner for her research and teaching in safety psychology, safety management, and human factors over many years. Consequently, she is a highly sought-after lecturer at several universities.

• 1.Designing for the Night Watch: Human Factors Challenges on Modern Ship Bridges. 2. How to engineer Meaningful Human Control in digitalisation, automation/AI and remote. 3. Integration of Human Factors into Engineering Processes for Flight Deck Design and Certification of Large Aeroplanes: Opportunities and Challenges. 4. User-centred design in critical operations: Every second counts. 5. Human-Centred Design for Autonomy in Remote Ferry Operation. 6. Designing for safety in multi-unit operation: Insights from conceptual design in petroleum. 7. Abstracting lessons from remotely managed incidents to inform road safety policy for automated traffic. 8. The Development of a Remote Operation Centre: Addressing Human Factors when designing for autonomous ship operations – in ROC. 9. Human factors, safety, and technology in the High Arctic context, Svalbard. 10. Safety-critical task analysis in automation and remote operations. 11. Situation awareness in aviation: an ecological approach to support human operators at different levels of automation.12. Alarm Management: Towards a Human-Centred Approach.13. Workload Assessment for Modern Industrial Systems.14. Subjective workload assessment: Understanding and applying the NASA-TLX in Safety-Critical Work. 15. Training and Assessment during digitalisation.16. Learning from Normal Work.17. A Structured Approach to Identifying Human Factors in Accident Investigations.18. Evolution of Human Factors Standards: Challenges from robotics and automation. 19. Safety and Efficiency in Automation, AI and Remote Operations: Verification, Validation, and Systematic Safety Management through Human-Centred Engineering