Jim Pojar is a botanist, senior ecologist, and forester who has worked for the BC Ecological Reserves Program, the BC Forest Service, and the Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society-Yukon. He is the author or co-author of eight books, including Alpine Plants of British Columbia, Alberta and Northwest North America.Andy MacKinnon is a forest ecologist and a retired Professional Forester and Professional Biologist. He worked for the BC Forest Service for three decades, mostly on the BC coast. With Jim Pojar, he has co-taught forest ecology field courses in Bamfield and on Haida Gwaii. He is the co-author of nine books, including Mushrooms of British Columbia.Leigh Joseph (Styawat) is an ethnobotanist, assistant professor at Simon Fraser University, and entrepreneur from the Sḵwx̱wú7mesh First Nation. She has worked extensively with Sḵwx̱wú7mesh and other First Nations communities on Indigenous knowledge renewal and building land-based connections by working with culturally important plants. She is the author of Held by the Land and The Land Knows Me.Jamie Fenneman is a botanist and biodiversity specialist with more than 30 years of experience studying the flora of British Columbia. He has worked as an ecologist and botanist in several Canadian provinces and US states and specializes in plant taxonomy, ecological inventories, rare species surveys, and mitigation strategies for rare plants and animals.

“From wildflowers to trees to shrubs, and more, this comprehensive guide will be helpful both in planning your strolls and as a handy resource to bring along and consult as you encounter intriguing plants.”—The Seaboard Review of Books

• List of KeysList of Abbreviations and SymbolsINTRODUCTIONAbout This GuideHow to Use This GuideThe RegionPhysical EnvironmentForest VegetationNon-Forest VegetationBiodiversity, Ecological Resilience and Climate ChangePlants and People EthnobotanyIndigenous Plant-Based Teachings Indigenous Ecosystem ManagementTREESBig Trees, Old TreesCedars: Trees of LifeEvergreen HabitSHRUBS AND SMALL TREESFalse Berries: Is a Berry, or NotHeather FamilyWillow FamilyWILDFLOWERSArum FamilyLily Family and Related FamiliesRestoration of lhásemPit cooking SpánanexwIris FamilyOrchid FamilySandalwood FamilyBuckwheat FamilyAmaranth FamilyMiner’s-Lettuce FamilyStonecrop and Cactus FamiliesPink and Sundew FamiliesSaxifrage and Bittersweet FamiliesSt. John’s Wort and Other Small FamiliesRose FamilyButtercup FamilyMustard FamilyEvening-Primrose FamilyPea FamilyViolet FamilyDogwood, Ginseng and Dogbane Families Carrot FamilyPrimrose and Nightshade Families Morning-Glory FamilyPhlox FamilyBuckbean FamilyGentian FamilyHeather FamilyMycoheterotrophsWaterleaf and Meadowfoam FamiliesBorage FamilyMint FamilyNettle FamilyLeadwort FamilyPlantain and False-Pimpernel Families Collateral Invasive DamageMonkey-Flower FamilyFigwort FamilyBladderwort FamilyBroomrape FamilyPollination in Castilleja and PedicularisHarebell FamilyMadder Family Valerian FamilyAster FamilyApomixis and TaxonomyGlacial Refugia and EndemismWhat Happened to Aster?AQUATICSGRAMINOIDS (GRASSLIKE FAMILIES)Rush FamilySedge FamilyGrass FamilyAll Flesh Is Grass?FERNS AND RELATIVESFernsHorsetail FamilyClubmosses and SpikemossesAcknowledgementsGlossaryPhoto CreditsIllustration CreditsReferencesLiterature CitedAdditional ReadingIndexAuthors

Jim Pojar is a botanist, senior ecologist, and forester who has worked for the BC Ecological Reserves Program, the BC Forest Service, and the Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society-Yukon. He is the author or co-author of eight books, including Alpine Plants of British Columbia, Alberta and Northwest North America.Andy MacKinnon is a forest ecologist and a retired Professional Forester and Professional Biologist. He worked for the BC Forest Service for three decades, mostly on the BC coast. With Jim Pojar, he has co-taught forest ecology field courses in Bamfield and on Haida Gwaii. He is the co-author of nine books, including Mushrooms of British Columbia.Leigh Joseph (Styawat) is an ethnobotanist, assistant professor at Simon Fraser University, and entrepreneur from the Sḵwx̱wú7mesh First Nation. She has worked extensively with Sḵwx̱wú7mesh and other First Nations communities on Indigenous knowledge renewal and building land-based connections by working with culturally important plants. She is the author of Held by the Land and The Land Knows Me.Jamie Fenneman is a botanist and biodiversity specialist with more than 30 years of experience studying the flora of British Columbia. He has worked as an ecologist and botanist in several Canadian provinces and US states and specializes in plant taxonomy, ecological inventories, rare species surveys, and mitigation strategies for rare plants and animals.

“From wildflowers to trees to shrubs, and more, this comprehensive guide will be helpful both in planning your strolls and as a handy resource to bring along and consult as you encounter intriguing plants.”—The Seaboard Review of Books

• List of KeysList of Abbreviations and SymbolsINTRODUCTIONAbout This GuideHow to Use This GuideThe RegionPhysical EnvironmentForest VegetationNon-Forest VegetationBiodiversity, Ecological Resilience and Climate ChangePlants and People EthnobotanyIndigenous Plant-Based Teachings Indigenous Ecosystem ManagementTREESBig Trees, Old TreesCedars: Trees of LifeEvergreen HabitSHRUBS AND SMALL TREESFalse Berries: Is a Berry, or NotHeather FamilyWillow FamilyWILDFLOWERSArum FamilyLily Family and Related FamiliesRestoration of lhásemPit cooking SpánanexwIris FamilyOrchid FamilySandalwood FamilyBuckwheat FamilyAmaranth FamilyMiner’s-Lettuce FamilyStonecrop and Cactus FamiliesPink and Sundew FamiliesSaxifrage and Bittersweet FamiliesSt. John’s Wort and Other Small FamiliesRose FamilyButtercup FamilyMustard FamilyEvening-Primrose FamilyPea FamilyViolet FamilyDogwood, Ginseng and Dogbane Families Carrot FamilyPrimrose and Nightshade Families Morning-Glory FamilyPhlox FamilyBuckbean FamilyGentian FamilyHeather FamilyMycoheterotrophsWaterleaf and Meadowfoam FamiliesBorage FamilyMint FamilyNettle FamilyLeadwort FamilyPlantain and False-Pimpernel Families Collateral Invasive DamageMonkey-Flower FamilyFigwort FamilyBladderwort FamilyBroomrape FamilyPollination in Castilleja and PedicularisHarebell FamilyMadder Family Valerian FamilyAster FamilyApomixis and TaxonomyGlacial Refugia and EndemismWhat Happened to Aster?AQUATICSGRAMINOIDS (GRASSLIKE FAMILIES)Rush FamilySedge FamilyGrass FamilyAll Flesh Is Grass?FERNS AND RELATIVESFernsHorsetail FamilyClubmosses and SpikemossesAcknowledgementsGlossaryPhoto CreditsIllustration CreditsReferencesLiterature CitedAdditional ReadingIndexAuthors

Jim Pojar is a botanist, senior ecologist, and forester who has worked for the BC Ecological Reserves Program, the BC Forest Service, and the Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society-Yukon. He is the author or co-author of eight books, including Alpine Plants of British Columbia, Alberta and Northwest North America.Andy MacKinnon is a forest ecologist and a retired Professional Forester and Professional Biologist. He worked for the BC Forest Service for three decades, mostly on the BC coast. With Jim Pojar, he has co-taught forest ecology field courses in Bamfield and on Haida Gwaii. He is the co-author of nine books, including Mushrooms of British Columbia.Leigh Joseph (Styawat) is an ethnobotanist, assistant professor at Simon Fraser University, and entrepreneur from the Sḵwx̱wú7mesh First Nation. She has worked extensively with Sḵwx̱wú7mesh and other First Nations communities on Indigenous knowledge renewal and building land-based connections by working with culturally important plants. She is the author of Held by the Land and The Land Knows Me.Jamie Fenneman is a botanist and biodiversity specialist with more than 30 years of experience studying the flora of British Columbia. He has worked as an ecologist and botanist in several Canadian provinces and US states and specializes in plant taxonomy, ecological inventories, rare species surveys, and mitigation strategies for rare plants and animals.

“From wildflowers to trees to shrubs, and more, this comprehensive guide will be helpful both in planning your strolls and as a handy resource to bring along and consult as you encounter intriguing plants.”—The Seaboard Review of Books

• List of KeysList of Abbreviations and SymbolsINTRODUCTIONAbout This GuideHow to Use This GuideThe RegionPhysical EnvironmentForest VegetationNon-Forest VegetationBiodiversity, Ecological Resilience and Climate ChangePlants and People EthnobotanyIndigenous Plant-Based Teachings Indigenous Ecosystem ManagementTREESBig Trees, Old TreesCedars: Trees of LifeEvergreen HabitSHRUBS AND SMALL TREESFalse Berries: Is a Berry, or NotHeather FamilyWillow FamilyWILDFLOWERSArum FamilyLily Family and Related FamiliesRestoration of lhásemPit cooking SpánanexwIris FamilyOrchid FamilySandalwood FamilyBuckwheat FamilyAmaranth FamilyMiner’s-Lettuce FamilyStonecrop and Cactus FamiliesPink and Sundew FamiliesSaxifrage and Bittersweet FamiliesSt. John’s Wort and Other Small FamiliesRose FamilyButtercup FamilyMustard FamilyEvening-Primrose FamilyPea FamilyViolet FamilyDogwood, Ginseng and Dogbane Families Carrot FamilyPrimrose and Nightshade Families Morning-Glory FamilyPhlox FamilyBuckbean FamilyGentian FamilyHeather FamilyMycoheterotrophsWaterleaf and Meadowfoam FamiliesBorage FamilyMint FamilyNettle FamilyLeadwort FamilyPlantain and False-Pimpernel Families Collateral Invasive DamageMonkey-Flower FamilyFigwort FamilyBladderwort FamilyBroomrape FamilyPollination in Castilleja and PedicularisHarebell FamilyMadder Family Valerian FamilyAster FamilyApomixis and TaxonomyGlacial Refugia and EndemismWhat Happened to Aster?AQUATICSGRAMINOIDS (GRASSLIKE FAMILIES)Rush FamilySedge FamilyGrass FamilyAll Flesh Is Grass?FERNS AND RELATIVESFernsHorsetail FamilyClubmosses and SpikemossesAcknowledgementsGlossaryPhoto CreditsIllustration CreditsReferencesLiterature CitedAdditional ReadingIndexAuthors