Caroline Henckels is Vice-Chancellor's Postdoctoral Research Fellow in Law at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, and in 2016 will commence as Senior Lecturer in Law at Monash University, Melbourne.

'… this book is an incisive and important contribution to the burgeoning literature on international investment law, and indeed other fields of international law as well as jurisprudence.' Luke Nottage, Journal of World Investment and Trade

• 1. Introduction; 2. Proportionality and deference in theoretical perspective; 3. Operationalizing deference in the context of proportionality analysis: comparative approaches; 4. Methods of review employed by investment tribunals in regulatory disputes; 5. The development of an institutionally sensitive approach to proportionality analysis in investor-state arbitration; 6. Other issues affecting the method and standard of review in investor-state arbitration; Conclusion.

Caroline Henckels is Vice-Chancellor's Postdoctoral Research Fellow in Law at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, and in 2016 will commence as Senior Lecturer in Law at Monash University, Melbourne.

'… this book is an incisive and important contribution to the burgeoning literature on international investment law, and indeed other fields of international law as well as jurisprudence.' Luke Nottage, Journal of World Investment and Trade

• 1. Introduction; 2. Proportionality and deference in theoretical perspective; 3. Operationalizing deference in the context of proportionality analysis: comparative approaches; 4. Methods of review employed by investment tribunals in regulatory disputes; 5. The development of an institutionally sensitive approach to proportionality analysis in investor-state arbitration; 6. Other issues affecting the method and standard of review in investor-state arbitration; Conclusion.

Caroline Henckels is Vice-Chancellor's Postdoctoral Research Fellow in Law at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, and in 2016 will commence as Senior Lecturer in Law at Monash University, Melbourne.

'… this book is an incisive and important contribution to the burgeoning literature on international investment law, and indeed other fields of international law as well as jurisprudence.' Luke Nottage, Journal of World Investment and Trade

• 1. Introduction; 2. Proportionality and deference in theoretical perspective; 3. Operationalizing deference in the context of proportionality analysis: comparative approaches; 4. Methods of review employed by investment tribunals in regulatory disputes; 5. The development of an institutionally sensitive approach to proportionality analysis in investor-state arbitration; 6. Other issues affecting the method and standard of review in investor-state arbitration; Conclusion.