Allison B. Kaufman is a research scientist for the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at University of Connecticut, USA, and holds a Ph.D. in Neuroscience from the University of California at Riverside. She currently has a research program based at the University of Connecticut, where her main interests are in communication and innovative abilities in animals. She has written or edited five books, including The Psych 101 series and Animal Cognition 101 with Erin Colbert-White. Josep Call is a comparative psychologist specializing in primate cognition, the Wardlaw Professor of Evolutionary Origins of Mind in the School of Psychology and Neuroscience at University of St Andrews, UK, and Director of the Budongo Research Unit at Edinburgh Zoo. He has also been an elected fellow of the American Psychological Association, the Cognitive Science Society, the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and the British Academy. James C. Kaufman is Professor of Educational Psychology at the University of Connecticut, USA. He is the author or editor of more than 45 books, including The Cambridge Handbook in Creativity, 2nd edition (Cambridge 2019). He has also published more than 400 papers and won many awards, including from Mensa, the American Psychological Association, and the National Association for Gifted Children.

'The creative research and wealth of information presented in this handbook exceed all expectations. We are at the cusp of an entirely new field of evolutionary cognition. Experts in their field offer commentary on all of the hot topics, from altruism to planning, citing a wide range of species.' Frans de Waal, Charles Howard Candler Professor of Primate Behavior and Director of the Living Links Center, Emory University, USA, and author of Are We Smart Enough to Know How Smart Animals Are?

• Section I. Communication and Language: 1.1 Communication and Language Overview Federico Rossano and Stephan Kaufhold; 1.2 Communication in Ant Societies Baptiste Piqueret and Patrizia d'Ettorre; 1.3 Symbolic Communication in the Grey Parrot Irene M. Pepperberg; 1.4 Communication in Dogs and Wolves Katalin Oláh, József Topál and Anna Gergely; Section II. Memory and Recall: 2.6 Memory and Recall Overview Gema Martin-Ordas; 2.7 A Fish Memory Tale: Memory and Recall in Fish and Sharks Catarina Vila Pouca, Louise Tosetto and Culum Brown; 2.8 Memory in Humming Birds Maria Cristina Tello-Ramos and David J Pritchard; 2.9 Event Memory in Rats Jonathon D. Crystal; 2.10 Primate Recall Memory Molly Flessert and Michael J. Beran; Section III. Social Cognition: 3.11 Social Cognition Overview Juan C. Gomez; 3.12 Proximate and Ultimate Mechanisms of Cooperation in Fishes Joachim G. Frommen and Stefan Fischer; 3.13 Evolutionary and Neural Bases of the Sense of Animacy Elena Lorenzi and Giorgio Vallortigara; 3.14 Raven Social Cognition and Behaviour Thomas Bugnyar; 3.15 Reciprocity in Norway Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) Manon K. Schweinfurth; 3.16 Exploring the Social Minds of Elephants Elizabeth A. Krisch and Joshua M. Plotnik; 3.17 Dolphin Social Cognition Adam A. Pack; 3.18 Mirror Self-Recognition: Five Decades of Primate Research James R. Anderson and David L. Butler; Section IV. Social Learning and Teaching: 4.19 Social Learning and Teaching Overview Rachel L. Kendal; 4.20 Tandem-Running Recruitment by Temnothorax Ants as a Model System for Social Learning Takao Sasaki and Stephen C. Pratt; 4.21 Fish Social Networks Matthew J. Hasenjager and William Hoppitt; 4.22 Social Learning in Birds Victoria E. Lee, Alison L. Greggor and Alex Thornton; 4.23 Social Learning in Chimpanzees Rachel Nelson, Erin Connelly and Lydia M. Hopper; Section V. Numerical and Quantative Abilities: 5.24 Numerical and Quantitative Abilities Overview Sarah T. Boysen; 5.25 Numerical Competence in Fish Christian Agrillo and Maria Elena Miletto Petrazzini; 5.26 Spatial-Numerical Association in Non-Human Animals Rosa Rugani and Orsola Rosa-Salva; 5.27 Perceptual Categorization in Pigeons Olga F. Lazareva; Section VI. Innovation and Problem Solving: 6.28 Innovation and Problem-Solving Overview Daniel Sol; 6.29 General Intelligence (g) in Mice Charles Locurto; 6.30 Bowerbird Innovation and Problem-Solving Jason Keagy; 6.31 Parrot Innovation Theresa Rössler, Berenika Mioduszewska and Alice M.I. Auersperg; 6.32 Innovation in Marine Mammals Allison B. Kaufman; 6.33 Innovation in Capuchin Monkeys Eduardo B. Ottoni; 6.34 Innovation and Problem Solving in Orangutans Anne E. Russon; 6.35 Do Apes and Monkeys Know What They [Don't] Know? The Question of Metacognition in Primates Heidi L. Marsh; 6.36 Decision-Making in Animals: Rational Choices and Adaptive Strategies Francesca De Petrillo and Alexandra G. Rosati.

Allison B. Kaufman is a research scientist for the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at University of Connecticut, USA, and holds a Ph.D. in Neuroscience from the University of California at Riverside. She currently has a research program based at the University of Connecticut, where her main interests are in communication and innovative abilities in animals. She has written or edited five books, including The Psych 101 series and Animal Cognition 101 with Erin Colbert-White. Josep Call is a comparative psychologist specializing in primate cognition, the Wardlaw Professor of Evolutionary Origins of Mind in the School of Psychology and Neuroscience at University of St Andrews, UK, and Director of the Budongo Research Unit at Edinburgh Zoo. He has also been an elected fellow of the American Psychological Association, the Cognitive Science Society, the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and the British Academy. James C. Kaufman is Professor of Educational Psychology at the University of Connecticut, USA. He is the author or editor of more than 45 books, including The Cambridge Handbook in Creativity, 2nd edition (Cambridge 2019). He has also published more than 400 papers and won many awards, including from Mensa, the American Psychological Association, and the National Association for Gifted Children.

'The creative research and wealth of information presented in this handbook exceed all expectations. We are at the cusp of an entirely new field of evolutionary cognition. Experts in their field offer commentary on all of the hot topics, from altruism to planning, citing a wide range of species.' Frans de Waal, Charles Howard Candler Professor of Primate Behavior and Director of the Living Links Center, Emory University, USA, and author of Are We Smart Enough to Know How Smart Animals Are?

• Section I. Communication and Language: 1.1 Communication and Language Overview Federico Rossano and Stephan Kaufhold; 1.2 Communication in Ant Societies Baptiste Piqueret and Patrizia d'Ettorre; 1.3 Symbolic Communication in the Grey Parrot Irene M. Pepperberg; 1.4 Communication in Dogs and Wolves Katalin Oláh, József Topál and Anna Gergely; Section II. Memory and Recall: 2.6 Memory and Recall Overview Gema Martin-Ordas; 2.7 A Fish Memory Tale: Memory and Recall in Fish and Sharks Catarina Vila Pouca, Louise Tosetto and Culum Brown; 2.8 Memory in Humming Birds Maria Cristina Tello-Ramos and David J Pritchard; 2.9 Event Memory in Rats Jonathon D. Crystal; 2.10 Primate Recall Memory Molly Flessert and Michael J. Beran; Section III. Social Cognition: 3.11 Social Cognition Overview Juan C. Gomez; 3.12 Proximate and Ultimate Mechanisms of Cooperation in Fishes Joachim G. Frommen and Stefan Fischer; 3.13 Evolutionary and Neural Bases of the Sense of Animacy Elena Lorenzi and Giorgio Vallortigara; 3.14 Raven Social Cognition and Behaviour Thomas Bugnyar; 3.15 Reciprocity in Norway Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) Manon K. Schweinfurth; 3.16 Exploring the Social Minds of Elephants Elizabeth A. Krisch and Joshua M. Plotnik; 3.17 Dolphin Social Cognition Adam A. Pack; 3.18 Mirror Self-Recognition: Five Decades of Primate Research James R. Anderson and David L. Butler; Section IV. Social Learning and Teaching: 4.19 Social Learning and Teaching Overview Rachel L. Kendal; 4.20 Tandem-Running Recruitment by Temnothorax Ants as a Model System for Social Learning Takao Sasaki and Stephen C. Pratt; 4.21 Fish Social Networks Matthew J. Hasenjager and William Hoppitt; 4.22 Social Learning in Birds Victoria E. Lee, Alison L. Greggor and Alex Thornton; 4.23 Social Learning in Chimpanzees Rachel Nelson, Erin Connelly and Lydia M. Hopper; Section V. Numerical and Quantative Abilities: 5.24 Numerical and Quantitative Abilities Overview Sarah T. Boysen; 5.25 Numerical Competence in Fish Christian Agrillo and Maria Elena Miletto Petrazzini; 5.26 Spatial-Numerical Association in Non-Human Animals Rosa Rugani and Orsola Rosa-Salva; 5.27 Perceptual Categorization in Pigeons Olga F. Lazareva; Section VI. Innovation and Problem Solving: 6.28 Innovation and Problem-Solving Overview Daniel Sol; 6.29 General Intelligence (g) in Mice Charles Locurto; 6.30 Bowerbird Innovation and Problem-Solving Jason Keagy; 6.31 Parrot Innovation Theresa Rössler, Berenika Mioduszewska and Alice M.I. Auersperg; 6.32 Innovation in Marine Mammals Allison B. Kaufman; 6.33 Innovation in Capuchin Monkeys Eduardo B. Ottoni; 6.34 Innovation and Problem Solving in Orangutans Anne E. Russon; 6.35 Do Apes and Monkeys Know What They [Don't] Know? The Question of Metacognition in Primates Heidi L. Marsh; 6.36 Decision-Making in Animals: Rational Choices and Adaptive Strategies Francesca De Petrillo and Alexandra G. Rosati.