Michaela Binder is a bioarchaeologist who has conducted research and fieldwork projects in many different countries, including Austria, Sudan, Egypt, Italy and Saudi Arabia. Combining cultural and biological perspectives, her work focusses on the comprehensive reconstruction of living conditions of past human populations. She is Senior Project Manager at Novetus GmbH Archaeological Services, Austria and lectures at the University of Vienna, Austria. Charlotte A. Roberts is Emeritus Professor of Archaeology at Durham University, UK. A bioarchaeologist and former nurse, she has conducted palaeopathological research for over forty years. She has authored over 200 papers/book chapters, and authored/edited a number of books, including The Backbone of Europe (Cambridge University Press, 2018) and Palaeopathology and Evolutionary Medicine: An Integrated Approach (Oxford University Press, 2022). She was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 2014. Daniel Antoine is the Keeper (Head) of the Department of Egypt and Sudan at the British Museum and an Honorary Senior Research Fellow at University College London, UK. He has published widely on bioarchaeology and palaeopathology, including Regarding the Dead: Human Remains in the British Museum and Ancient Lives, New Discoveries: Eight Mummies, Eight Stories (both British Museum Press, 2014).

'This book will be a valuable resource for advanced students and professionals in the fields of bioarchaeology, paleopathology, forensic anthropology, and evolutionary medicine … Recommended.' T. Harrison, Choice

• 1. The bioarchaeology of cardiovascular diseases – Introduction Michaela Binder; 2. Exploring the sources of indirect evidence for cardiovascular disease in bioarchaeology: potential impact on understanding its evolution Charlotte A. Roberts; Part I. Evidence from Mummified Tissues: 3. Atherosclerosis, mummies and histological analysis. A review Gino Fornaciari and Raffaele Gaeta; 4. Computed tomography evidence of atherosclerosis in ancient mummies: the Horus studies of mummies from five continents Randall C. Thompson, Ashna Mahadev, M. Linda Sutherland and Gregory S. Thomas; 5. The genetic background of atherosclerosis in ancient mummies Albert Zink, Christina Wurst, Frank Maixner, Samuel Wann, Randall C. Thompson and Gregory S. Thomas; 6. Cardiovascular disease in Nile valley mummies: exploring the need for a more systematic approach that accounts for vessel prevalence, links to oral health and the impact of dual energy CT scanning Daniel Antoine, Marie Vandenbeusch, Rebecca Whiting and Benjamin Moreno; 7. Atherosclerosis among the elites: a bioarchaeological investigation of 17th–19th century mummified human remains from Palermo, Sicily (Italy) and Vilnius (Lithuania) Dario Piombino-Mascali, Rimantas Jankauskas, Albert Zink and Stephanie Panzer; Part II. Cardiovascular Diseases Associated with Human Skeletal Remains: 8. Calcified structures as potential evidence of atherosclerosis associated with human skeletal remains from Amara West, Nubia (1300–800BC) Michaela Binder and Charlotte A. Roberts; 9. Intracranial atherosclerosis in Medieval Scandinavia Caroline Arcini and Elisabeth Englund; 10. Abnormalities of the vertebral artery: are cervical pressure defects being overlooked in palaeopathology? Daniel Antoine and Tony Waldron; 11. A heart of stone – constrictive pericarditis and other calcified tissues from the pathologic-anatomical collection at the Narrenturm in Vienna, Austria. A review Karin Wiltschke-Schrotta, Eduard Winter and Michelle Gamble; 12. 'Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence': why is there a lack of evidence for cardiovascular disease in the bioarchaeological record? Michaela Binder and Charlotte A. Roberts; Part III. 'Contemporary Perspectives': 13. The challenging diagnosis of cardiovascular disease in skeletal remains: identifying atherosclerotic calcifications from modern documented individuals Lucie Biehler-Gomez, Emanuela Maderna and Cristina Cattaneo; 14. Atherosclerosis in indigenous Tsimane – A contemporary perspective Randall C. Thompson, Gregory S. Thomas, Angela D. Neunuebel, Ashna Mahadev, Benjamin C. Trumble, Edmond Seabright, Daniel K. Cummings, Jonathan Stieglitz, Michael Gurven and Hillard Kaplan.