Richard Bellamy is a Professor of Political Science at University College London (UCL), and a Fellow of the British Academy. He is the author of eleven monographs, including Political Constitutionalism: A Republican Defence of the Constitutionality of Democracy (Cambridge University Press, 2007). Jeff King is a Professor of Law at University College London (UCL), and was previously a Fellow and Tutor in Law at Balliol College, Oxford. His other works include Judging Social Rights (Cambridge University Press, 2012). from 2019 to 2021, he was Legal Adviser to the UK House of Lords Constitution Committee.

'As democracies, and the ideal of democracy itself, are under threat, the study of constitutional theory has never seemed more important than it is now. This volume, whose list of contributors is a Who's Who of the field, is an illuminating map of a complex and rich terrain. A 'must read'.' Cécile Fabre, University of Oxford

• 1. Introduction: of constitutions and constitutional theory Richard Bellamy and Jeff King; Part I. Values: 2. Dignity Jeremy Waldron; 3. Rights Rowan Cruft; 4. Equality Annabel Lever; 5. Liberty Philip Pettit; 6. Well-being Sarah Conly; 7. Self-Government Thomas Christiano; 8. Justice: procedural and substantive Rainer Forst; 9. Recognition Helder De Schutter; Part II. Modalities: 10. Impartiality Matthew Kramer; 11. Legitimacy Nomi Claire Lazar; 12. Sovereignty David Dyzenhaus; 13. Constituent power Martin Loughlin; 14. Representation Nadia Urbinati; 15. Deliberation Simone Chambers; 16. Opposition Grégoire Webber; 17. Separation of powers Jacob T. Levy; 18. Rule of Law Jeff King; 19. Constitutional conventions Jon Elster; 20. Secularism Cécile Laborde; 21. Constitutional review Christoph Möllers; 22. Constitutional interpretation Timothy Endicott; 23. Proportionality George Letsas; 24. Civil disobedience Candice Delmas; 25. Constitutional entrenchment N. W. Barber; 26. Emergency powers Karin Loevy; 27. Regulation Julia Black; 28. Cost-benefit analysis Matthew Adler; 29. Revolution Nimer Sultany; Part III. Institutions: 30. The state Anna-Bettina Kaiser; 31. The material constitution Marco Goldoni; 32. Federalism Stephen Tierney; 33. Consociationalism Joseph Lacey and Nenad Stojanović; 34. Corporatism Steven Klein; 35. Guarantor (or the so-called 'Fourth Branch') institutions Tarunabh Khaitan; 36. Central banks Jens van 't Klooster; 37. Presidentialism, Parliamentarism, and their hybrids Steffen Ganghof; 38. Prerogative Thomas Poole; 39. Administrative state Blake Emerson; 40. Executive rulemaking Susan Rose-Ackerman; 41. Constituent assemblies Joel Colón-Ríos; 42. Citizenship Elizabeth F. Cohen and Cyril Ghosh; 43. Elections Daniel Weinstock; 44. Political parties Jonathan White and Lea Ypi; 45. Legislatures Richard Ekins; 46. Referendums Silvia Suteu; 47. Citizen juries/Minipublics Cristina Lafont; 48. Constitutional courts and supreme courts Christine Landfried; 49. Judicial independence David Kosař and Samuel Spáč; 50. Bills of rights Richard Bellamy; 51. Administrative law Farrah Ahmed; 52. Horizontal effect Oliver Gerstenberg; 53. Global and national constitutionalism Carmen E. Pavel; 54. Regional integration Turkuler Isiksel; 55. International organisations Anne Peters; Part IV. Challenges for Constitutional Democracy: 56. Inequality Roberto Gargarella; 57. Populism Paul Blokker; 58. Climate change Jocelyn Stacey; 59. Migration Sarah Song; 60. Constitutional hardball Mark Tushnet.