Boris I. Kharisov, PhD, is Professor and Researcher at the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL). He received his PhD in inorganic chemistry from the Moscow State University, Russia, in 1993. He holds two patents, has co-authored six books, five book chapters, 127 articles, and co-edited three invited special issues of international journals, and is the member of the editorial board of four journals. His specialties include coordination and inorganic chemistry, phthalocyanines, ultrasound, and nanotechnology.Oxana V. Kharissova, PhD, is Professor and Researcher at the UANL. She received her PhD in Materials from the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Mexico. She has co-authored three books, 60 articles, and has two patents. Her specialties include nanotechnology (carbon nanotubes, nanometals, fullerenes), and crystallography.H.V. Rasika Dias, PhD, is Professor of Chemistry at the University of Texas at Arlington. He received his PhD from University of California, Davis. Specializing in inorganic and organometallic chemistry, he has co-authored several patents and over 160 publications. His accolades include the 2009 Southwest Regional American Chemical Society Award.

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• Preface ixLIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xiLIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xvPart I Remediation with use of metals, metal oxides, complexes and composites 11 Groundwater Water Remediation by Static Diffusion Using Nano-Zero Valent Metals (Fe0, Cu0, Al0), n-FeHn+, n-Fe(OH)x, n-FeOOH, n-Fe-[OxHy](n+/−) 3David D.J. Antia2 Nanostructured Metal Oxides for Wastewater Disinfection 27Erick R. Bandala, Marco Antonio Quiroz Alfaro, Mónica Cerro-López, and Miguel A. Méndez-Rojas3 Cu2O-Based Nanocomposites for Environmental Protection: Relationship between Structure and Photocatalytic Activity, Application, and Mechanism 41Liangbin Xiong, Huaqing Yu, Xin Ba, Wenpei Zhang, and Ying Yu4 Multifunctional Nanocomposites for Environmental Remediation 71Suying Wei, Jiahua Zhu, Hongbo Gu, Huige Wei, Xingru Yan, Yudong Huang, and Zhanhu Guo5 Nanomaterials for the Removal of Volatile Organic Compounds from Aqueous Solutions 85Amro El Badawy and Hafiz H.M. Salih6 Hybrid Metal Nanoparticle-Containing Polymer Nanofibers for Environmental Applications 95Yunpeng Huang, Shige Wang, Mingwu Shen, and Xiangyang Shi7 Nanomaterials on the Basis of Chelating Agents, Metal Complexes, and Organometallics for Environmental Purposes 109Boris I. Kharisov, Oxana V. Kharissova, and Ubaldo Ortiz MéndezPart II Remediation with use of carbon nanotubes 1258 Carbon Nanotubes: Next-Generation Nanomaterials for Clean Water Technologies 127Yit Thai Ong, Kian Fei Yee, Qian Wen Yeang, Sharif Hussein Sharif Zein, and Soon Huat TanPart III Photo catalytical remediation 1439 New Advances in Heterogeneous Photocatalysis for Treatment of Toxic Metals and Arsenic 145Marta I. Litter and Natalia Quici10 Nanostructured Titanium Dioxide for Photocatalytic Water Treatment 169David G. Rickerby11 Destruction of Chloroorganic Compounds with Nanophotocatalysts 183Rashid A. Khaydarov, RenatR. Khaydarov, and Olga Gapurova12 Semiconductor Nanomaterials for Organic Dye Degradation and Hydrogen Production via Photocatalysis 193Leticia M. Torres-Martínez, Isaías Juárez-Ramírez, and Mayra Z. Figueroa-TorresPart IV Nanoadsorbents and Nanofiltration 20513 Advanced Oxidation Processes, Nanofiltration, and Application of Bubble Column Reactor 207Sukanchan Palit14 Carbon Nanomaterials as Adsorbents for Environmental Analysis 217Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain15 Application of Nanoadsorbents in Water Treatment 237Amit Bhatnagar and Mika Sillanpää16 Organo-Clay Nanohybrid Adsorbents in the Removal of Toxic Metal Ions 249Peng LiuPart V Membranes on nanomaterials basis 26917 Water Remediation Using Nanoparticle and Nanocomposite Membranes 271Kian Fei Yee, Qian Wen Yeang, Yit Thai Ong, Vel Murugan Vadivelu, and Soon Huat TanPart VI Green methods in nanomaterials synthesis 29318 Green Methodologies in the Synthesis of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles 295Aniruddha B. Patil and Bhalchandra M. Bhanage19 An Environmentally Friendly and Green Approach for Synthesis and Applications of Silver Nanoparticles 313Muniyandi Jeyaraj, Muralidharan Murugan, Kevin John Pulikotil Anthony, and Sangiliyandi Gurunathan20 Green Synthesis of Nanomaterials Using Biological Routes 329Rajesh Ramanathan, Ravi Shukla, Suresh K. Bhargava, and Vipul BansalPart VII CO2 adsorption 34921 Nanomaterials for Carbon Dioxide Adsorption 351Luis Ángel Garza Rodríguez and Elsa Nadia Aguilera GonzálezPart VIII Intelligent nanomaterials 37322 Development of Intelligent Nanomaterials as a Strategy to Solve Environmental Problems 375Jose Ruben Morones-RamírezPart IX Desalination 38723 Engineered Nanomaterials for Purification and Desalination of Palatable Water 389Vijay C. Verma, Swechha Anand, Mayank Gangwar, and Santosh K. SinghPart X Nanocatalysis 40124 Nanocatalytic Wastewater Treatment System for the Removal of Toxic Organic Compounds 403Sodeh Sadjadi25 Catalyst Design Based on Nano-Sized Inorganic Core of Enzymes: Design of Environmentally Friendly Catalysts 429Mohammad Mahdi NajafpourPart XI Nanosensors 44326 Neutron-Fluence Nanosensors Based on Boron-Containing Materials 445Levan ChkhartishviliPart XII Nanoreservoirs for hydrogen storage 45127 Hydrogen Nanoreservoirs made of Boron Nitride 453Levan ChkhartishviliPart XIII Fuel cells on nanomaterials basis 46928 Fuel Cells with Nanomaterials for Ecologically Pure Transport 471Gennady GerasimovPart XIV Remediation of radionuclides 48329 Humic Functional Derivatives and Nanocoatings for Remediation of Actinide-Contaminated Environments 485Irina V. Perminova, Stepan N. Kalmykov, Natalia S. Shcherbina, Sergey A. Ponomarenko, Vladimir A. Kholodov, Alexander P. Novikov, Richard G. Haire, and Kirk HatfieldPart XV Environmental risks and toxicity 50330 Environmental Risks of Nanotechnology: Evaluating the Ecotoxicity of Nanomaterials 505Miguel A. Méndez-Rojas, José Luis Sánchez-Salas, Aracely Angulo-Molina, and Teresa de Jesús Palacios-Hernández31 Environmental Risk, Human Health, and Toxic Effects of Nanoparticles 523Jamuna Bai A. and Ravishankar Rai V.32 Implications of the Use of Nanomaterials for Environmental Protection: Challenges in Designing Environmentally Relevant Toxicological Experiments 537Rute F. Domingos and José P. PinheiroConcluding Remarks 551Author Index 555Subject Index 559

Boris I. Kharisov, PhD, is Professor and Researcher at the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL). He received his PhD in inorganic chemistry from the Moscow State University, Russia, in 1993. He holds two patents, has co-authored six books, five book chapters, 127 articles, and co-edited three invited special issues of international journals, and is the member of the editorial board of four journals. His specialties include coordination and inorganic chemistry, phthalocyanines, ultrasound, and nanotechnology.Oxana V. Kharissova, PhD, is Professor and Researcher at the UANL. She received her PhD in Materials from the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Mexico. She has co-authored three books, 60 articles, and has two patents. Her specialties include nanotechnology (carbon nanotubes, nanometals, fullerenes), and crystallography.H.V. Rasika Dias, PhD, is Professor of Chemistry at the University of Texas at Arlington. He received his PhD from University of California, Davis. Specializing in inorganic and organometallic chemistry, he has co-authored several patents and over 160 publications. His accolades include the 2009 Southwest Regional American Chemical Society Award.

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• Preface ixLIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xiLIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xvPart I Remediation with use of metals, metal oxides, complexes and composites 11 Groundwater Water Remediation by Static Diffusion Using Nano-Zero Valent Metals (Fe0, Cu0, Al0), n-FeHn+, n-Fe(OH)x, n-FeOOH, n-Fe-[OxHy](n+/−) 3David D.J. Antia2 Nanostructured Metal Oxides for Wastewater Disinfection 27Erick R. Bandala, Marco Antonio Quiroz Alfaro, Mónica Cerro-López, and Miguel A. Méndez-Rojas3 Cu2O-Based Nanocomposites for Environmental Protection: Relationship between Structure and Photocatalytic Activity, Application, and Mechanism 41Liangbin Xiong, Huaqing Yu, Xin Ba, Wenpei Zhang, and Ying Yu4 Multifunctional Nanocomposites for Environmental Remediation 71Suying Wei, Jiahua Zhu, Hongbo Gu, Huige Wei, Xingru Yan, Yudong Huang, and Zhanhu Guo5 Nanomaterials for the Removal of Volatile Organic Compounds from Aqueous Solutions 85Amro El Badawy and Hafiz H.M. Salih6 Hybrid Metal Nanoparticle-Containing Polymer Nanofibers for Environmental Applications 95Yunpeng Huang, Shige Wang, Mingwu Shen, and Xiangyang Shi7 Nanomaterials on the Basis of Chelating Agents, Metal Complexes, and Organometallics for Environmental Purposes 109Boris I. Kharisov, Oxana V. Kharissova, and Ubaldo Ortiz MéndezPart II Remediation with use of carbon nanotubes 1258 Carbon Nanotubes: Next-Generation Nanomaterials for Clean Water Technologies 127Yit Thai Ong, Kian Fei Yee, Qian Wen Yeang, Sharif Hussein Sharif Zein, and Soon Huat TanPart III Photo catalytical remediation 1439 New Advances in Heterogeneous Photocatalysis for Treatment of Toxic Metals and Arsenic 145Marta I. Litter and Natalia Quici10 Nanostructured Titanium Dioxide for Photocatalytic Water Treatment 169David G. Rickerby11 Destruction of Chloroorganic Compounds with Nanophotocatalysts 183Rashid A. Khaydarov, RenatR. Khaydarov, and Olga Gapurova12 Semiconductor Nanomaterials for Organic Dye Degradation and Hydrogen Production via Photocatalysis 193Leticia M. Torres-Martínez, Isaías Juárez-Ramírez, and Mayra Z. Figueroa-TorresPart IV Nanoadsorbents and Nanofiltration 20513 Advanced Oxidation Processes, Nanofiltration, and Application of Bubble Column Reactor 207Sukanchan Palit14 Carbon Nanomaterials as Adsorbents for Environmental Analysis 217Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain15 Application of Nanoadsorbents in Water Treatment 237Amit Bhatnagar and Mika Sillanpää16 Organo-Clay Nanohybrid Adsorbents in the Removal of Toxic Metal Ions 249Peng LiuPart V Membranes on nanomaterials basis 26917 Water Remediation Using Nanoparticle and Nanocomposite Membranes 271Kian Fei Yee, Qian Wen Yeang, Yit Thai Ong, Vel Murugan Vadivelu, and Soon Huat TanPart VI Green methods in nanomaterials synthesis 29318 Green Methodologies in the Synthesis of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles 295Aniruddha B. Patil and Bhalchandra M. Bhanage19 An Environmentally Friendly and Green Approach for Synthesis and Applications of Silver Nanoparticles 313Muniyandi Jeyaraj, Muralidharan Murugan, Kevin John Pulikotil Anthony, and Sangiliyandi Gurunathan20 Green Synthesis of Nanomaterials Using Biological Routes 329Rajesh Ramanathan, Ravi Shukla, Suresh K. Bhargava, and Vipul BansalPart VII CO2 adsorption 34921 Nanomaterials for Carbon Dioxide Adsorption 351Luis Ángel Garza Rodríguez and Elsa Nadia Aguilera GonzálezPart VIII Intelligent nanomaterials 37322 Development of Intelligent Nanomaterials as a Strategy to Solve Environmental Problems 375Jose Ruben Morones-RamírezPart IX Desalination 38723 Engineered Nanomaterials for Purification and Desalination of Palatable Water 389Vijay C. Verma, Swechha Anand, Mayank Gangwar, and Santosh K. SinghPart X Nanocatalysis 40124 Nanocatalytic Wastewater Treatment System for the Removal of Toxic Organic Compounds 403Sodeh Sadjadi25 Catalyst Design Based on Nano-Sized Inorganic Core of Enzymes: Design of Environmentally Friendly Catalysts 429Mohammad Mahdi NajafpourPart XI Nanosensors 44326 Neutron-Fluence Nanosensors Based on Boron-Containing Materials 445Levan ChkhartishviliPart XII Nanoreservoirs for hydrogen storage 45127 Hydrogen Nanoreservoirs made of Boron Nitride 453Levan ChkhartishviliPart XIII Fuel cells on nanomaterials basis 46928 Fuel Cells with Nanomaterials for Ecologically Pure Transport 471Gennady GerasimovPart XIV Remediation of radionuclides 48329 Humic Functional Derivatives and Nanocoatings for Remediation of Actinide-Contaminated Environments 485Irina V. Perminova, Stepan N. Kalmykov, Natalia S. Shcherbina, Sergey A. Ponomarenko, Vladimir A. Kholodov, Alexander P. Novikov, Richard G. Haire, and Kirk HatfieldPart XV Environmental risks and toxicity 50330 Environmental Risks of Nanotechnology: Evaluating the Ecotoxicity of Nanomaterials 505Miguel A. Méndez-Rojas, José Luis Sánchez-Salas, Aracely Angulo-Molina, and Teresa de Jesús Palacios-Hernández31 Environmental Risk, Human Health, and Toxic Effects of Nanoparticles 523Jamuna Bai A. and Ravishankar Rai V.32 Implications of the Use of Nanomaterials for Environmental Protection: Challenges in Designing Environmentally Relevant Toxicological Experiments 537Rute F. Domingos and José P. PinheiroConcluding Remarks 551Author Index 555Subject Index 559

Boris I. Kharisov, PhD, is Professor and Researcher at the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL). He received his PhD in inorganic chemistry from the Moscow State University, Russia, in 1993. He holds two patents, has co-authored six books, five book chapters, 127 articles, and co-edited three invited special issues of international journals, and is the member of the editorial board of four journals. His specialties include coordination and inorganic chemistry, phthalocyanines, ultrasound, and nanotechnology.Oxana V. Kharissova, PhD, is Professor and Researcher at the UANL. She received her PhD in Materials from the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Mexico. She has co-authored three books, 60 articles, and has two patents. Her specialties include nanotechnology (carbon nanotubes, nanometals, fullerenes), and crystallography.H.V. Rasika Dias, PhD, is Professor of Chemistry at the University of Texas at Arlington. He received his PhD from University of California, Davis. Specializing in inorganic and organometallic chemistry, he has co-authored several patents and over 160 publications. His accolades include the 2009 Southwest Regional American Chemical Society Award.

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• Preface ixLIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xiLIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xvPart I Remediation with use of metals, metal oxides, complexes and composites 11 Groundwater Water Remediation by Static Diffusion Using Nano-Zero Valent Metals (Fe0, Cu0, Al0), n-FeHn+, n-Fe(OH)x, n-FeOOH, n-Fe-[OxHy](n+/−) 3David D.J. Antia2 Nanostructured Metal Oxides for Wastewater Disinfection 27Erick R. Bandala, Marco Antonio Quiroz Alfaro, Mónica Cerro-López, and Miguel A. Méndez-Rojas3 Cu2O-Based Nanocomposites for Environmental Protection: Relationship between Structure and Photocatalytic Activity, Application, and Mechanism 41Liangbin Xiong, Huaqing Yu, Xin Ba, Wenpei Zhang, and Ying Yu4 Multifunctional Nanocomposites for Environmental Remediation 71Suying Wei, Jiahua Zhu, Hongbo Gu, Huige Wei, Xingru Yan, Yudong Huang, and Zhanhu Guo5 Nanomaterials for the Removal of Volatile Organic Compounds from Aqueous Solutions 85Amro El Badawy and Hafiz H.M. Salih6 Hybrid Metal Nanoparticle-Containing Polymer Nanofibers for Environmental Applications 95Yunpeng Huang, Shige Wang, Mingwu Shen, and Xiangyang Shi7 Nanomaterials on the Basis of Chelating Agents, Metal Complexes, and Organometallics for Environmental Purposes 109Boris I. Kharisov, Oxana V. Kharissova, and Ubaldo Ortiz MéndezPart II Remediation with use of carbon nanotubes 1258 Carbon Nanotubes: Next-Generation Nanomaterials for Clean Water Technologies 127Yit Thai Ong, Kian Fei Yee, Qian Wen Yeang, Sharif Hussein Sharif Zein, and Soon Huat TanPart III Photo catalytical remediation 1439 New Advances in Heterogeneous Photocatalysis for Treatment of Toxic Metals and Arsenic 145Marta I. Litter and Natalia Quici10 Nanostructured Titanium Dioxide for Photocatalytic Water Treatment 169David G. Rickerby11 Destruction of Chloroorganic Compounds with Nanophotocatalysts 183Rashid A. Khaydarov, RenatR. Khaydarov, and Olga Gapurova12 Semiconductor Nanomaterials for Organic Dye Degradation and Hydrogen Production via Photocatalysis 193Leticia M. Torres-Martínez, Isaías Juárez-Ramírez, and Mayra Z. Figueroa-TorresPart IV Nanoadsorbents and Nanofiltration 20513 Advanced Oxidation Processes, Nanofiltration, and Application of Bubble Column Reactor 207Sukanchan Palit14 Carbon Nanomaterials as Adsorbents for Environmental Analysis 217Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain15 Application of Nanoadsorbents in Water Treatment 237Amit Bhatnagar and Mika Sillanpää16 Organo-Clay Nanohybrid Adsorbents in the Removal of Toxic Metal Ions 249Peng LiuPart V Membranes on nanomaterials basis 26917 Water Remediation Using Nanoparticle and Nanocomposite Membranes 271Kian Fei Yee, Qian Wen Yeang, Yit Thai Ong, Vel Murugan Vadivelu, and Soon Huat TanPart VI Green methods in nanomaterials synthesis 29318 Green Methodologies in the Synthesis of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles 295Aniruddha B. Patil and Bhalchandra M. Bhanage19 An Environmentally Friendly and Green Approach for Synthesis and Applications of Silver Nanoparticles 313Muniyandi Jeyaraj, Muralidharan Murugan, Kevin John Pulikotil Anthony, and Sangiliyandi Gurunathan20 Green Synthesis of Nanomaterials Using Biological Routes 329Rajesh Ramanathan, Ravi Shukla, Suresh K. Bhargava, and Vipul BansalPart VII CO2 adsorption 34921 Nanomaterials for Carbon Dioxide Adsorption 351Luis Ángel Garza Rodríguez and Elsa Nadia Aguilera GonzálezPart VIII Intelligent nanomaterials 37322 Development of Intelligent Nanomaterials as a Strategy to Solve Environmental Problems 375Jose Ruben Morones-RamírezPart IX Desalination 38723 Engineered Nanomaterials for Purification and Desalination of Palatable Water 389Vijay C. Verma, Swechha Anand, Mayank Gangwar, and Santosh K. SinghPart X Nanocatalysis 40124 Nanocatalytic Wastewater Treatment System for the Removal of Toxic Organic Compounds 403Sodeh Sadjadi25 Catalyst Design Based on Nano-Sized Inorganic Core of Enzymes: Design of Environmentally Friendly Catalysts 429Mohammad Mahdi NajafpourPart XI Nanosensors 44326 Neutron-Fluence Nanosensors Based on Boron-Containing Materials 445Levan ChkhartishviliPart XII Nanoreservoirs for hydrogen storage 45127 Hydrogen Nanoreservoirs made of Boron Nitride 453Levan ChkhartishviliPart XIII Fuel cells on nanomaterials basis 46928 Fuel Cells with Nanomaterials for Ecologically Pure Transport 471Gennady GerasimovPart XIV Remediation of radionuclides 48329 Humic Functional Derivatives and Nanocoatings for Remediation of Actinide-Contaminated Environments 485Irina V. Perminova, Stepan N. Kalmykov, Natalia S. Shcherbina, Sergey A. Ponomarenko, Vladimir A. Kholodov, Alexander P. Novikov, Richard G. Haire, and Kirk HatfieldPart XV Environmental risks and toxicity 50330 Environmental Risks of Nanotechnology: Evaluating the Ecotoxicity of Nanomaterials 505Miguel A. Méndez-Rojas, José Luis Sánchez-Salas, Aracely Angulo-Molina, and Teresa de Jesús Palacios-Hernández31 Environmental Risk, Human Health, and Toxic Effects of Nanoparticles 523Jamuna Bai A. and Ravishankar Rai V.32 Implications of the Use of Nanomaterials for Environmental Protection: Challenges in Designing Environmentally Relevant Toxicological Experiments 537Rute F. Domingos and José P. PinheiroConcluding Remarks 551Author Index 555Subject Index 559