Handbook of International Crisis Communication Research

Andreas Schwarz is Senior Lecturer and Managing Chair of the Department of Media Studies at Ilmenau University of Technology in Germany. He is also managing director of the International Research Group on Crisis Communication and the founding chair of the Temporary Working Group on Crisis Communication at the European Communication Research and Education Association (ECREA).Matthew Seeger is Dean of the College of Fine Arts, Performing and Communication Arts and Professor of Communication at Wayne State University, USA. His influential research in crisis communication scholarship had led to over 100 journal articles, contributions and co-authoring six books on crisis communication and organizational communication ethics. Claudia Auer is Research Assistant at the Institute of Media and Communication Science of the Ilmenau University of Technology, Germany. She is a member of the International Research Group on Crisis Communication and the Ilmenau Center of Public Diplomacy Research and Training.

• Notes on Contributors ixIntroduction: Searching for an Integrative Approach to International Crisis Communication Research1. Significance and Structure of International Risk and Crisis Communication Research: Toward an Integrative Approach 1Andreas Schwarz, Matthew W. Seeger, and Claudia AuerPart I Disciplinary Foundations for International Crisis Communication Research 11Political Science2. Political Science Research on Crises and Crisis Communications 13Saundra K. Schneider and Marty P. JordanManagement and Economics3. Delving into the Roots of Crises: The Genealogy of Surprise 24Christophe Roux‐DufortPsychology4. The Psychology of Crisis Communication 34M. Brooke Rogers and Julia M. PearceSociology5. Sociological Foundations of Crisis Communication 45Martin Voss and Daniel F. LorenzAnthropology6. “Crisis” in Social Anthropology: Rethinking a Missing Concept 56Stefan Beck and Michi KnechtCommunication: Toward an Integrative Approach7. Communication – Conclusions for an Integrative Approach to International Crisis Communication Research 66Claudia Auer, Andreas Schwarz, and Matthew W. SeegerPart II Actors and Institutional Communicators in International Crises 73War8. Military, Government, and Media Management in Wartime 75Kathrin SchleicherTerrorism9. Crisis Communication and Terrorist Attacks 85Owen Hargie and Pauline IrvingNatural Disasters/Pandemia10. Communication Concerning Disasters and Pandemics: Coproducing Community Resilience and Crisis Response 96Jenni Hyvärinen and Marita VosOrganizational Crisis11. International Organizational Crisis Communication: A Simple Rules Approach to Managing Crisis Complexity 108Robert R. Ulmer and Andrew S. PylePolitical Crisis12. Conceptualizing Political Crisis and the Role of Public Diplomacy in Crisis Communication Research 119Claudia AuerPart III The Role of the Media in the Construction of International Crises 133War13. The Role of the Media in the Discursive Construction of Wars 135Stig Arne NohrstedtTerrorism14. Terrorism and the Role of the Media 145Liane RothenbergerNatural Disasters/Pandemia15. Media Framing of Disasters: Implications for Disaster Response Communicators 155J. Suzanne HorsleyOrganizational Crisis16. Organizational Crisis and the News Media 165Mario Schranz and Mark EiseneggerPolitical Crisis17. Political, Social, and Economic Crises in Public Communication 175Kurt ImhofPart IV Domestic and International Audiences in the Context of Crisis Communication 189War18. War, Media, and Public Opinion: A Battle for Hearts and Minds 191Michel M. HaighTerrorism19. Terrorism – Orchestrated Staging and Indicator of Crisis 200Wolfgang Frindte, Daniel Geschke, and Sebastian WagnerNatural Disasters/Pandemia20. Reoccurring Challenges and Emerging Threats: Crises and the New Millennium 212Patric R. Spence and Kenneth A. LachlanOrganizational Crisis21. Domestic and International Audiences of Organizational Crisis Communication: State of the Art and Implications for Cross‐Cultural Crisis Communication 224An‐Sofie Claeys and Andreas SchwarzPolitical Crisis22. Environmental Crises and the Public: Media Audiences in the Context of Environmental and Natural Threats and Disasters 236Jens WollingPart V The State of Crisis Communication Research Around the Globe 249Crisis Communication Research in Africa23. Crisis Communication Research in South Africa 251Herman Wasserman and Nathalie Hyde‐Clarke24. Crisis Communication Research in Nigeria 259Amiso M. GeorgeCrisis Communication Research in Asia25. Crisis Communication Research in the Chinese Mainland 269Yi‐Hui Christine Huang, Fang Wu, Yang Cheng, and Joanne Chen Lyu26. Crisis Communication Research in Singapore 283Augustine Pang27. Crisis Communication Research in South Korea 292Sora Kim28. Risk and Crisis Communication Research in India 302Ganga S. Dhanesh and Krishnamurthy SrirameshCrisis Communication Research in the Middle East29. Crisis Communication Research in the Middle East & North Africa (MENA): Echoes of Normalizing Historical Crisis 313Ibrahim Saleh30. Crisis Communication Research in Israel: Growth and Gaps 327Eytan Gilboa and Clila MagenCrisis Communication Research in Australia and Oceania31. Crisis Communication Research in Australia 337Chris Galloway32. Crisis Communication Research in Aotearoa/New Zealand 347Ted Zorn, Margie Comrie, and Susan FountaineCrisis Communication Research in Western Europe33. Crisis Communication Research in Germany 357Andreas Schwarz34. Crisis Communication Research in Northern Europe 373Finn Frandsen and Winni JohansenCrisis Communication Research in Eastern Europe35. Crisis Communication Research in Eastern Europe: The Cases of Poland and Hungary 384Gyorgy Szondi and Paweł Surowiec36. Crisis Management and Communication Research in Russia 397Sergei A. SamoilenkoCrisis Communication Research in Latin America37. Crisis and Risk Communication Research in Colombia 411Jesús Arroyave and Ana María Erazo‐CoronadoCrisis Communication Research in North America38. Crisis Communication Research in the United States 422Matthew W. Seeger, Alyssa Grace Sloan, and Timothy L. SellnowPart VI Challenges and Topics of Future Research on Crisis Communication 435Conceptual and Methodological Challenges of Risk and Crisis Communication in the Twenty-first Century39. Paradigms of Risk and Crisis Communication in the Twenty‐first Century 437Robert L. Heath and Michael J. Palenchar40. Global Product Recall Communications and Regulatory Focus Theory 447Daniel Laufer41. Methodological Challenges of International Crisis Communication Research 456W. Timothy CoombsNew Technologies in International Crisis Communication42. New Technologies and Applications in International Crisis Communication and Disaster Management 465Andreas Schwarz, Jean‐Christophe Binetti, Wolfgang Broll, and Andreas Mitschele‐Thiel43. The Future Role of Social Media in International Crisis Communication 478Chiara Valentini and Dean KruckebergPreparation for International and Cross-cultural Crises44. Preparing for International and Cross‐cultural Crises: The Role of Competing Voices, Inclusivity, and the Interplay of Responsibility in Global Organizations 489Timothy L. Sellnow and Shari R. Veil45. Putting Research into Practice: Models for Education and Application of International Crisis Communication Research 499Alice SrugiesSumming Up and Looking Ahead: The Future of International Crisis Communication Research46. Risk, Crisis, and the Global Village: International Perspectives 510Matthew W. Seeger, Claudia Auer, and Andreas SchwarzIndex 518