Advanced Aircraft Design

Egbert Torenbeek, Delft University of Technology, The NetherlandsEgbert Torenbeek is Professor Emeritus of Aircraft Design at Delft University of Technology.He graduated as an engineer in 1961 at TU Delft and in 1964 he became responsible for teaching the Aircraft Preliminary Design course at the department of Aerospace Engineering. After a sabbatical at Lockheed Georgia Company, he became a senior lecturer and full professor of the Aircraft Design chair at TU Delft, initiating research and teaching in computer-assisted aircraft design.

“Advanced Aircraft Design: Conceptual Design, Analysis and Optimization of Subsonic Civil Airplanes advances understanding of the initial optimization of civil airplanes and is a must-have reference for aerospace engineering students, applied researchers, aircraft design engineers and analysts.”  (Expofairs.com, 13 August 2013)

• Foreword xvSeries Preface xixPreface xxiAcknowledgements xxv1 Design of the Well-Tempered Aircraft 11.1 How Aircraft Design Developed 11.2 Concept Finding 61.3 Product Development 81.4 Baseline Design in a Nutshell 131.5 Automated Design Synthesis 191.6 Technology Assessment 221.7 Structure of the Optimization Problem 25Bibliography 272 Early Conceptual Design 312.1 Scenario and Requirements 312.2 Weight Terminology and Prediction 362.3 The Unity Equation 412.4 Range Parameter 462.5 Environmental Issues 51Bibliography 563 Propulsion and Engine Technology 593.1 Propulsion Leading the Way 593.2 Basic Concepts of Jet Propulsion 603.3 Turboprop Engines 673.4 Turbofan Engine Layout 703.5 Power Plant Selection 74Bibliography 784 Aerodynamic Drag and Its Reduction 814.1 Basic Concepts 814.2 Decomposition Schemes and Terminology 844.3 Subsonic Parasite and Induced Drag 874.4 Drag Polar Representations 954.5 Drag Prediction 994.6 Viscous Drag Reduction 1064.7 Induced Drag Reduction 114Bibliography 1155 From Tube and Wing to Flying Wing 1215.1 The Case for Flying Wings 1215.2 Allocation of Useful Volume 1275.3 Survey of Aerodynamic Efficiency 1345.4 Survey of the Parameter ML/D 1385.5 Integrated Configurations Compared 1405.6 Flying Wing Design 149Bibliography 1526 Clean Sheet Design 1576.1 Dominant and Radical Configurations 1576.2 Morphology of Shapes 1596.3 Wing and Tail Configurations 1656.4 Aircraft Featuring a Foreplane 1696.5 Non-Planar Lifting Systems 1736.6 Joined Wing Aircraft 1776.7 Twin-Fuselage Aircraft 1826.8 Hydrogen-Fuelled Commercial Transports 1866.9 Promising Concepts 189Bibliography 1907 Aircraft Design Optimization 1977.1 The Perfect Design: An Illusion? 1977.2 Elements of Optimization 1987.3 Analytical or Numerical Optimization? 2067.4 Large Optimization Problems 2137.5 Practical Optimization in Conceptual Design 219Bibliography 2238 Theory of Optimum Weight 2298.1 Weight Engineering: Core of Aircraft Design 2298.2 Design Sensitivity 2328.3 Jet Transport Empty Weight 2348.4 Design Sensitivity of Airframe Drag 2398.5 Thrust, Power Plant and Fuel Weight 2438.6 Take-Off Weight, Thrust and Fuel Efficiency 2498.7 Summary and Reflection 254Bibliography 2579 Matching Engines and Airframe 2619.1 Requirements and Constraints 2619.2 Cruise-Sized Engines 2629.3 Low Speed Requirements 2659.4 Schematic Take-Off Analysis 2679.5 Approach and Landing 2739.6 Engine Selection and Installation 275Bibliography 27810 Elements of Aerodynamic Wing Design 28110.1 Introduction 28110.2 Planform Geometry 28310.3 Design Sensitivity Information 28610.4 Subsonic Aircraft Wing 29110.5 Constrained Optima 29510.6 Transonic Aircraft Wing 29810.7 Lift Coefficient and Aspect Ratio 30410.8 Detailed Design 30910.9 High Lift Devices 313Bibliography 31511 The Wing Structure and Its Weight 31911.1 Introduction 31911.2 Methodology 32111.3 Basic Wing Box 32611.4 Inertia Relief and Design Loads 33511.5 Non-Ideal Weight 33811.6 Secondary Structures and Miscellaneous Items 34411.7 Stress Levels in Aluminium Alloys 34911.8 Refinements 35211.9 Application 357Bibliography 36112 Unified Cruise Performance 36312.1 Introduction 36312.2 Maximum Aerodynamic Efficiency 36612.3 The Parameter ML/D 37112.4 The Range Parameter 37412.5 Range in Cruising Flight 37912.6 Cruise Procedures and Mission Fuel 38212.7 Reflection 388Bibliography 390A Volumes, Surface and Wetted Areas 393A.1 Wing 393A.2 Fuselage 394A.3 Tail Surfaces 395A.4 Engine Nacelles and Pylons 395A.5 Airframe Wetted Area 395Bibliography 396B International Standard Atmosphere 397C Abbreviations 399Index 403