Statistical Optics

Joseph W. Goodman is an engineer and physicist. He has held a number of positions in the field of optics, including the presidency of the Optical Society of America and the presidency of the International Commission for Optics. He chaired the Department of Electrical Engineering at Stanford University from 1988 until 1996, and served as Senior Associate Dean of Engineering from 1996 through 2000.

“I recommend this updated, comprehensive textbook and reference for its clear writing, detailed mathematical derivations, physical insights, reworked figures, extensive references, problem sets with solutions, mathematical appendices and an index.”  (Optics & Photonics News, 31 July 2015)

• 1 Introduction 11.1 Deterministic Versus Statistical Phenomena and Models 21.2 Statistical Phenomena in Optics 31.3 An Outline of the Book 52 Random Variables 62.1 Definitions of Probability and Random Variables 62.2 Distribution Functions and Density Functions 82.3 Extension to Two or More Joint Random Variables 122.4 Statistical Averages 142.5 Transformations of Random Variables 202.6 Sums of Real Random Variables 272.7 Gaussian Random Variables 322.8 Complex-Valued Random Variables 372.9 Random Phasor Sums 422.10 Poisson Random Variables 523 Random Processes 563.1 Definition and Description of a Random Process 563.2 Stationarity and Ergodicity 593.3 Spectral Analysis of Random Processes 643.4 Autocorrelation Functions and the Wiener–Khinchin Theorem 693.5 Cross-Correlation Functions and Cross-Spectral Densities 753.6 Gaussian Random Processes 783.7 Poisson Impulse Processes 803.8 Random Processes Derived from Analytic Signals 933.9 The Circular Complex Gaussian Random Process 1013.10 The Karhunen–Loève Expansion 1024 Some First-Order Statistical Properties of Light 1094.1 Propagation of Light 1104.2 Thermal Light 1144.3 Partially Polarized Thermal Light 1194.4 Single-Mode Laser Light 1304.5 Multimode Laser Light 1434.6 Pseudothermal Light Produced by Passing Laser Light Through a Changing Diffuser 1485 Temporal and Spatial Coherence of Optical Waves 1525.1 Temporal Coherence 1535.2 Spatial Coherence 1725.3 Separability of Spatial and Temporal Coherence Effects 1885.4 Propagation of Mutual Coherence 1915.5 Special Forms of the Mutual Coherence Function 1965.6 Diffraction of Partially Coherent Light by a Transmitting Structure 2025.7 The Van Cittert–Zernike Theorem 2085.8 A Generalized Van Cittert–Zernike Theorem 2145.9 Ensemble-Average Coherence 2186 Some Problems Involving Higher-Order Coherence 2276.1 Statistical Properties of the Integrated Intensity of Thermal or Pseudothermal Light 2286.2 Statistical Properties of Mutual Intensity with Finite Measurement Time 2436.3 Classical Analysis of the Intensity Interferometer 2497 Effects of Partial Coherence in Imaging Systems 2627.1 Preliminaries 2637.2 Space-Domain Calculation of Image Intensity 2697.3 Frequency Domain Calculation of the Image Intensity Spectrum 2747.4 The Incoherent and Coherent Limits 2807.5 Some Examples 2867.6 Image Formation as an Interferometric Process 2937.7 The Speckle Effect in Imaging 3088 Imaging Through Randomly Inhomogeneous Media 3238.1 Effects of Thin Random Screens on Image Quality 3248.2 Random-Phase Screens 3288.3 The Earth’s Atmosphere as a Thick Phase Screen 3368.4 Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Through the Inhomogeneous Atmosphere 3448.5 The Long-Exposure OTF 3528.6 The Short-Exposure OTF 3758.7 Stellar Speckle Interferometry 3828.8 The Cross-Spectrum or Knox–Thompson Technique 3928.9 The Bispectrum Technique 3988.10 Adaptive Optics 4018.11 Generality of the Theoretical Results 4048.12 Imaging Laser-Illuminated Objects through a Turbulent Atmosphere 4069 Fundamental Limits in Photoelectric Detection of Light 4159.1 The Semiclassical Model for Photoelectric Detection 4169.2 Effects of Random Fluctuations of the Classical Intensity 4179.3 The Degeneracy Parameter 4299.4 Noise Limitations of the Amplitude Interferometer at Low Light Levels 4399.5 Noise Limitations of the Intensity Interferometer at Low Light Levels 4499.6 Noise Limitations in Stellar Speckle Interferometry 456Appendix A The Fourier Transform 471A.1 Fourier Transform Definitions 471A.2 Basic Properties of the Fourier Transform 473A.3 Tables of Fourier Transforms 476Appendix B Random Phasor Sums 478Appendix C The Atmospheric Filter Functions 484Appendix D Analysis of Stellar Speckle Interferometry 489Appendix E Fourth-Order Moment of the Spectrum of a Detected Speckle Image 493Bibliography 496Index 509