Companion to South Asia in the Past

Gwen Robbins Schug is an Associate Professor of biological anthropology at Appalachian State University (Boone, NC). She is the author of Bioarchaeology and Climate Change: A View from South Asian Prehistory (2011). Her research has been widely published in academic journals and covered in Science Magazine, National Geographic, Science Daily, The New Yorker Magazine, and The New York Times.Subhash Walimbe was Professor of biological anthropology at Deccan College Post-Graduate Research Institute and the Head of Department at Pune University before retiring in 2010. He is the author of nine books and more than 80 research articles on South Asian prehistory. His research has been funded by National Geographic, Smithsonian Institution, and the Ford Foundation, among others. He serves on the advisory committee to several Indian Universities and the Government of India research establishments.

• Notes on Contributors xAcknowledgments xviiFormal Dedication xviiiV.N. MisraForeword xxAngela R. LieverseMaps xxvi1 Introduction 1Gwen Robbins Schug and Subhash R. WalimbePart I Paleoanthropology in South Asia 112 Mammalian Paleodiversity and Ecology of Siwalik Primates in India and Nepal 13Rajan Gaur3 A Decade of Paleoanthropology in the Indian Subcontinent (2005–2015) 32Parth R. Chauhan4 Archaic Genomes and the Peopling of South Asia 51Mark Stoneking5 Out of Africa and into South Asia: The Evidence from Paleolithic Archaeology 60Ravi Korisettar6 Hominin Fossil Remains from the Narmada Valley 72A.R. Sankhyan7 Mesolithic Foragers of the Ganges Plain and Adjoining Hilly Regions of the Vindhyas 86J.N. Pal8 Mesolithic Foragers of the Ganges Plain: Pathology, Stature, and Subsistence 101John R. LukacsPart II Middle Holocene Farmers and Urban Dwellers 1259 Current Perspectives on the Harappan Civilization 127Vasant Shinde10 Excavations at Harappa, 1986–2010: New Insights on the Indus Civilization and Harappan Burial Traditions 145J.M. Kenoyer and R.H. Meadow11 Bioarchaeology of the Indus Valley Civilization: Biological Affinities, Paleopathology, and Chemical Analyses 169Nancy C. Lovell12 More than Origins: Refining Migration in the Indus Civilization 187Benjamin Valentine13 Aryans and the Indus Civilization: Archaeological, Skeletal, and Molecular Evidence 205Michel Danino14 The Ahar Culture and Others: Social Spectrums of the Mewar Plain 225Teresa P. Raczek15 The Archaeology of the Late Holocene on the Deccan Plateau (The Deccan Chalcolithic) 240Prabodh Shirvalkar and Esha Prasad16 The Center Cannot Hold: A Bioarchaeological Perspective on Environmental Crisis in the Second Millennium bce, South Asia 255Gwen Robbins Schug and Kelly Elaine Blevins17 The “Gandhara Grave Culture”: New Perspectives on Protohistoric Cemeteries in Northern and Northwestern Pakistan 274Muhammad ZahirPart III Historic Archaeology: Monuments and Meaning 29518 Early Iron Age Megalith Builders of Vidarbha: A Historical View 297P.S. Joshi19 Situating Iron Age Monuments in South India: A Textual and Ethnographic Approach 310K. Rajan20 A Review of Early Historic Urbanization in India 319Reshma Sawant and Gurudas Shete21 Historical and Medieval Period Archaeology 332Monica L. Smith22 The Transition to Agricultural Production in India: South Asian Entanglements of Domestication 344Charlene A. Murphy and Dorian Q. Fuller23 From Millet to Rice (and Back Again?): Cuisine, Cultivation, and Health in Southern India 358Kathleen D. Morrison24 Death and Burial among Two Ancient High]Altitude Communities of Nepal 374Mark Aldenderfer and Jacqueline T. EngPart IV South Asia in Retrospect 39925 Prehistoric Archaeology in Bangladesh: An Overview 401Shahnaj Husne Jahan26 Archaeology of Nepal 412Prakash Darnal27 The Peopling of Sri Lanka from Prehistoric to Historic Times: Biological and Archaeological Evidence 426Samanti Kulatilake28 Theoretical Archaeology in India: An Anthropological Perspective 437K. Paddayya29 Moving Forward, Looking Back: The Collective Memory of Indian Anthropology 450Abhik Ghosh30 Anthropology and Museums in India 465Kishor K. Basa31 Human Skeletal Studies: Changing Trends in Theoretical and Methodological Perspectives 482Subhash R. Walimbe32 Where Are They Now? The Human Skeletal Remains from India 496V. Mushrif-Tripathy, K.S. Chakraborty, and S. LahiriIndex 534