Baoshan Xing is Professor of Environmental and Soil Chemistry in Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, where he has been actively involved in teaching and research since 1996. Dr. Xing received his PhD from the University of Alberta, Canada, in 1994. His research work ranks in the top 1% of cited authors for journals in environmental sciences and ecology.Chad Vecitis is an Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering (since 2010) in the Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University. He received his PhD from Caltech in 2009. Along with students and colleagues, he has published over 25 refereed articles. He has been invited to present his research results at many universities and institutions.Nicola Senesi is Professor Emeritus of Soil Chemistry and was Head of the Department of Agroforestal and Environmental Biology and Chemistry of the University of Bari, Bari, Italy, where he has been actively involved in research and teaching (as research assistant, assistant professor, and associate professor) since 1969. He was conferred a Doctorate Honoris Causa by the Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, France, in 2000.

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• SERIES PREFACE viiPREFACE ixLIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xiPART 1 SYNTHESIS, ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATION, DETECTION, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES 11 Challenges Facing the Environmental Nanotechnology Research Enterprise 3Stacey M. Louie, Amy L. Dale, Elizabeth A. Casman, and Gregory V. Lowry2 Engineered Nanoparticles for Water Treatment Application 20Jeehye Byun and Cafer T. Yavuz3 Mass Spectrometric Methods for Investigating the Influence of Surface Chemistry on the Fate of Core–Shell Nanoparticles in Biological and Environmental Samples 31Sukru Gokhan Elci, Alyssa L. M. Marsico, Yuqing Xing, Bo Yan, and Richard W. Vachet4 Separation and Analysis of Nanoparticles (NP) in Aqueous Environmental Samples 53Ralf Kaegi5 Nanocatalysts for Groundwater Remediation 75Kimberly N. Heck, Lori A. Pretzer, and Michael S. WongPART 2 ENVIRONMENTAL RELEASE, PROCESSES, AND MODELING OF ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES 936 Properties, Sources, Pathways, and Fate of Nanoparticles in the Environment 95Yon Ju-Nam and Jamie Lead7 Environmental Exposure Modeling Methods for Engineered Nanomaterials 118Niall J. O’Brien and Enda J. Cummins8 Aggregation Kinetics and Fractal Dimensions of Nanomaterials in Environmental Systems 139Navid B. Saleh, A. R. M. Nabiul Afrooz, Nirupam Aich, and Jaime Plazas-Tuttle9 Adsorption of Organic Compounds by Engineered Nanoparticles 160Bo Pan and Baoshan Xing10 Sorption of Heavy Metals by Engineered Nanomaterials 182Gangfen Miao, Kun Yang, and Daohui Lin11 Emission, Transformation, and Fate of Nanoparticles in the Atmosphere 205Prashant Kumar and Abdullah N. Al-Dabbous12 Nanoparticle Aggregation and Deposition in Porous Media 224Yao Xiao and Mark R. Wiesner13 Interfacial Charge Transfers of Surface-Modified TiO2 Nanoparticles in Photocatalytic Water Treatment 245Hyunwoong Park14 Chemical Transformations of Metal, Metal Oxide, and Metal Chalcogenide Nanoparticles in the Environment 261Thomas R. Kuech, Robert J. Hamers, and Joel A. PedersenPART 3 TOXICITY OF ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES AND RISK ASSESSMENT 29315 Fate, Behavior, and Biophysical Modeling of Nanoparticles in Living Systems 295Emppu Salonen, Feng Ding, and Pu Chun Ke16 Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity Study in RatsWith Carbon Nanofibers: Need for Establishing a Weight-of-Evidence Approach for Setting no Observed Adverse Effect Levels (NOAELs) 314David B. Warheit, Ken L. Reed, and Michael P. DeLorme17 Toxicity of Manufactured Nanomaterials to Microorganisms 320Yuan Ge, Allison M. Horst, Junyeol Kim, John H. Priester, Zoe S. Welch, and Patricia A. Holden18 Toxicity of Engineered Nanoparticles to Fish 347Wei Liu, Yanmin Long, Nuoya Yin, Xingchen Zhao, Cheng Sun, Qunfang Zhou, and Guibin Jiang19 Toxicity of Engineered Nanoparticles to Aquatic Invertebrates 367Denisa Cupi, Sara N. Sørensen, Lars M. Skjolding, and Anders Baun20 Effects and Uptake of Nanoparticles in Plants 386Arnab Mukherjee, Jose R. Peralta-Videa, Jorge Gardea-Torresdey, and Jason C. White21 Feasibility and Challenges of Human Health Risk Assessment for Engineered Nanomaterials 409Karin Aschberger, Frans M. Christensen, Kirsten Rasmussen, and Keld A. Jensen22 Ecotoxicological Risk of Engineered Nanomaterials (ENMs) for the Health of the Marine Environment 442Xiaoshan Zhu, Shengyan Tian, Chao Wang, Lihong Zhao, Jin Zhou, and Zhonghua CaiINDEX 475