Adhesion in Pharmaceutical, Biomedical, and Dental Fields

Kashmiri Lal Mittal was employed by the IBM Corporation from 1972 through 1993 Currently, he is teaching and consulting worldwide in the broad areas of adhesion as well as surface cleaning. He is the editor of more than 135 books and the Founding Editor of the journal Reviews of Adhesion and Adhesives.Frank Etzler earned his PhD in physical chemistry from the University of Miami. He is currently an Associate Professor of Pharmaceutics in the School of Pharmacy at the Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine (LECOM).

• Preface xvPart 1 General Topics1 Theories and Mechanisms of Adhesion in the Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Dental Fields 3Douglas J. Gardner1.1 Introduction 41.2 Mechanisms of Adhesion 71.3 Summary 17References 182 Wettability of Powders 23Emil Chibowski, Lucyna Holysz and Aleksandra Szczes2.1 Introduction 232.2 Different Forms of Wetting 242.3 Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Surfaces 272.4 Contact Angle Measurement in Wettability Studies of  Powdered Materials 272.5 Contact Angle and Surface Free Energy 352.6 Surface Free Energy Determination of Powdered Solids by Thin Layer Wicking Method 382.7 Surface Free Energy Determination of Powdered Solids by Imbibition Drainage Method 422.8 Summary 44Acknowledgement 44References 44Part 2 Adhesion in the Pharmaceutical Field3 Tablet Tensile Strength: Role of Surface Free Energy 53Frank M. Etzler and Sorana Pisano3.1 Introduction 543.2 Applicability of the Proposed Model to Pharmaceutical Materials 603.3 Discussion 703.4 Summary 723.5 Acknowledgements 72References 724 Role of Surface Free Energy in Powder Behavior and Tablet Strength 75Changquan Calvin Sun4.1 Introduction 754.2 Surface Free Energy 764.3 Role of Surface Free Energy in Solid Wetting 774.4 Role of Surface Free Energy in Powder Flow 804.5 Role of Surface Free Energy in Powder Tableting 824.6 Concluding Remarks 84References 845 Mucoadhesive Polymers for Drug Delivery Systems 89Inderbir Singh, Pravin Pawar, Ebunoluwa A. Sanusi and Oluwatoyin A. Odeku5.1 Introduction 905.2 Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery Systems 935.3 Mucoadhesive Polymers 955.4 Summary 107References 1086 Transdermal Patches: An Overview 115Subham Banerjee6.1 Introduction 1156.2 Factors Affecting Skin Absorption 1176.3 Passive Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems 1206.4 Types, Structural Components and Materials Used to Design Passive TDDS 1216.5 Active Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems 1266.6 Production of Transdermal Patches 1276.7 Biopharmaceutical Concerns 1286.8 Pharmacokinetics of Transdermal Absorption 1306.9 Manufacture, Design and Quality Control 1316.10 Commercialized Patches 1336.11 Regulatory Aspects 1336.12 Summary and Future Prospects 136Acknowledgment 137References 1387 Film-Forming Technology and Skin Adhesion in Long-Wear Cosmetics 141Hy Si Bui and Debra Coleman-Nally7.1 Introduction 1417.2 Long-Wear Foundation: An overview 1427.3 Effect of Skin Substrate on Adhesion 1427.4 Long-Wear Technologies in Cosmetic Applications 1507.5 Summary and Prospects 160Acknowledgements 161References 161Part 3 Adhesion in the Biomedical Fields8 Factors Affecting Microbial Adhesion 169Klemen Bohinc, Martina Oder, Rok Fink, Karmen Godiè Torkar, Goran Dražiæ and Peter Raspor8.1 Introduction 1698.2 Surface Characterization 1748.3 Bacterial Adhesion to Material Surfaces 1758.5 Summary 179Acknowledgments 179References 1809 Factors Influencing Biofouling and Use of Polymeric Materials to Mitigate It 185Elena Ozzello, Chiara Mollea, Francesca Bosco and Roberta Bongiovanni9.1 Introduction 1859.2 Origin of Biofouling 1889.3 Prevention of Microorganisms Adhesion 1899.4 Influence of Mechanical Properties 1989.5 Influence of Surface Topography 2009.6 Concluding Remarks 201References 20210 Coatings on Surgical Tools and How to Promote Adhesion of Bio-Friendly Coatings on Their Surfaces 207Sanjay Kumar, Pulak Bhushan and Shantanu Bhattacharya10.1 Introduction 20710.2 Coatings on Various Surgical Tools and Implants in Different Fields of Operative Care to Patients 20910.3 Promotion of Adhesion of Bio-Friendly Coatings on Surfaces of Tools and Implants 22410.4 Summary 227References 22711 Techniques for Deposition of Coatings with Enhanced Adhesion to Bio-Implants 235Proma Bhattacharya and Sudarsan Neogi11.1 Bio-Implants: An Introduction 23511.2 Deposition Methods for Enhanced Adhesion of Coatings on Implants 24011.3 Summary 249References 25012 Relevance of Adhesion in Fabrication of Microarrays in Clinical Diagnostics 257Rishi Kant, Geeta Bhatt, Poonam Sundriyal and Shantanu Bhattacharya12.1 Introduction 25812.2 Protein Microarrays 25912.3 Fabrication Techniques 26212.4 Adhesion of Probes in Protein Microarray Fabrication 26412.6 Antibody Microarrays 28512.7 Summary 291References 291Part 4 Adhesion in the Dental Fields13 Antibacterial Polymers for Dental Adhesives and Composites 301Mary Anne S. Melo, Michael D. Weir, Fazel Fakhari, Lei Cheng, Ke Zhang, Fang Li, Xuedong Zhou, Yuxing Bai and Hockin H. K. Xu13.1 Introduction 30213.2 Major Damage from Oral Biofilm Formed: The Acid Production 30413.3 The Chemistry of Current Dental Adhesives and Composites 30613.4 The Need for Treatments Targeting Oral Cariogenic Biofilms 30813.5 Classification of Antibacterial Polymers for Dental Materials 31013.6 Mechanisms of Action of Antibacterial Monomers 31213.7 Antibacterial Properties of Dental Adhesives and Composites Containing Antibacterial Monomers 31313.8 Considerations of Mechanical Properties 32013.9 Summary and Prospects 322Acknowledgments 323References 32314 Dental Adhesives: From Earlier Products to Bioactive and Smart Materials 331Eliseu A. Münchow and Marco C. Bottino14.1 Introduction 33114.2 Adhesion to Dental Substrates 33414.3 Adhesive Strategies 33914.4 Limitations in Bonding to Dental Substrates 34514.5 Strategies to Reduce Bond Strength Degradation – Current Advances 34614.6 Summary and Prospects 355Acknowledgment 356References 35615 Testing of Dental Adhesive Joints  369Karl-Johan M. Söderholm15.1 Introduction 37015.2 Various Bond Strength Tests 37215.3 Summary 394References