Hemen Sarma is Assistant Professor at Nanda Nath Saikia College in Assam, India. His research focus is on plant- microbiome interactions, biosurfactants, persistent organic and inorganic pollutants, sustainable remediation, molecular breeding, CRISPR/cas9 gene editing and nanobiotechnology.Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad is Emeritus Professor in the School of Life Sciences at the University of Hyderabad in India. He has published over 216 papers in scholarly journals and edited 34 books. He received his doctorate in Botany from Lucknow University, India in 1979. Based on an independent study by Stanford University scientists in 2020, he figured in the top 2% of scientists from India, ranked number 1 in Environmental Sciences (116 in world).

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• List of Contributors xiiPreface xvii1 Introduction to Biosurfactants 1José Vázquez Tato, Julio A. Seijas, M. Pilar Vázquez-Tato, Francisco Meijide,Santiago de Frutos, Aida Jover, Francisco Fraga, and Victor H. Soto1.1 Introduction and Historical Perspective 11.2 Micelle Formation 51.3 Average Aggregation Numbers 141.4 Packing Properties of Amphiphiles 181.5 Biosurfactants 201.6 Sophorolipids 251.7 Surfactin 281.8 Final Comments 31Acknowledgement 32References 322 Metagenomics Approach for Selection of Biosurfactant Producing Bacteria from Oil Contaminated Soil: An Insight Into Its Technology 43Nazim F. Islam and Hemen Sarma2.1 Introduction 432.2 Metagenomics Application: A State-of-the-Art Technique 442.3 Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacteria and Genes 462.4 Metagenomic Approaches in the Selection of Biosurfactant-Producing Microbes 472.5 Metagenomics with Stable Isotope Probe (SIP) Techniques 482.6 Screening Methods to Identify Features of Biosurfactants 502.7 Functional Metagenomics: Challenge and Opportunities 522.8 Conclusion 53Acknowledgements 54References 543 Biosurfactant Production Using Bioreactors from Industrial Byproducts 59Arun Karnwal3.1 Introduction 593.2 Significance of the Production of Biosurfactants from Industrial Products 603.3 Factors Affect Biosurfactant Production in Bioreactor 613.4 Microorganisms 613.5 Bacterial Growth Conditions 633.6 Substrate for Biosurfactant Production 653.7 Conclusions 71Acknowledgement 71References 724 Biosurfactants for Heavy Metal Remediation and Bioeconomics 79Shalini Srivastava, Monoj Kumar Mondal, and Shashi Bhushan Agrawal4.1 Introduction 804.2 Concept of Surfactant and Biosurfactant for Heavy Metal Remediation 814.3 Mechanisms of Biosurfactant–Metal Interactions 824.4 Substrates Used for Biosurfactant Production 824.5 Classification of Biosurfactants 854.6 Types of Biosurfactants 854.7 Factors Influencing Biosurfactants Production 884.8 Strategies for Commercial Biosurfactant Production 894.9 Application of Biosurfactant for Heavy Metal Remediation 904.10 Bioeconomics of Metal Remediation Using Biosurfactants 934.11 Conclusion 94References 945 Application of Biosurfactants for Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) 99Jéssica Correia, Lígia R. Rodrigues, José A. Teixeira, and Eduardo J. Gudiña5.1 Energy Demand and Fossil Fuels 995.2 Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) 1015.3 Mechanisms of Surfactant Flooding 1025.4 Biosurfactants: An Alternative to Chemical Surfactants to Increase Oil Recovery 1035.5 Biosurfactant MEOR: Laboratory Studies 1045.6 Field Assays 1125.7 Current State of Knowledge, Technological Advances, and Future Perspectives 113Acknowledgements 114References 1146 Biosurfactant Enhanced Sustainable Remediation of Petroleum Contaminated Soil 119Pooja Singh, Selvan Ravindran, and Yogesh Patil6.1 Introduction 1196.2 Microbial-Assisted Bioremediation of Petroleum Contaminated Soil 1216.3 Hydrocarbon Degradation and Biosurfactants 1226.4 Soil Washing Using Biosurfactants 1246.5 Combination Strategies for Efficient Bioremediation 1266.6 Biosurfactant Mediated Field Trials 1296.7 Limitations, Strategies, and Considerations of Biosurfactant-MediatedPetroleum Hydrocarbon Degradation 1306.8 Conclusion 132References 1337 Microbial Surfactants are Next-Generation Biomolecules for Sustainable Remediation of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons 139Punniyakotti Parthipan, Liang Cheng, Aruliah Rajasekar, and Subramania Angaiah7.1 Introduction 1397.2 Biosurfactant-Enhanced Bioremediation of PAHs 1447.3 Microorganism’s Adaptations to Enhance Bioavailability 1517.4 Influences of Micellization on Hydrocarbons Access 1517.5 Accession of PAHs in Soil Texture 1527.6 The Negative Impact of Surfactant on PAH Degradations 1527.7 Conclusion and Future Directions 153References 1538 Biosurfactants for Enhanced Bioavailability of Micronutrients in Soil: A Sustainable Approach 159Siddhartha Narayan Borah, Suparna Sen, and Kannan Pakshirajan8.1 Introduction 1598.2 Micronutrient Deficiency in Soil 1618.3 Factors Affecting the Bioavailability of Micronutrients 1618.4 Effect of Micronutrient Deficiency on the Biota 1638.5 The Role of Surfactants in the Facilitation of Micronutrient Biosorption 1668.6 Surfactants 1668.7 Conclusion 173References 1749 Biosurfactants: Production and Role in Synthesis of Nanoparticles for Environmental Applications 183Ashwini N. Rane, S.J. Geetha, and Sanket J. Joshi9.1 Nanoparticles 1839.2 Synthesis of Nanoparticles 1849.3 Biosurfactants 1879.4 Biosurfactant Mediated Nanoparticles Synthesis 1919.5 Challenges in Environmental Applications of Nanoparticles and Future Perspectives 196Acknowledgements 197References 19710 Green Surfactants: Production, Properties, and Application in Advanced Medical Technologies 207Ana María Marqués, Lourdes Pérez, Maribel Farfán, and Aurora Pinazo10.1 Environmental Pollution and World Health 20710.2 Amino Acid-Derived Surfactants 20810.3 Biosurfactants 21310.4 Antimicrobial Resistance 21910.5 Catanionic Vesicles 22310.6 Biosurfactant Functionalization: A Strategy to Develop Active Antimicrobial Compounds 23410.7 Conclusions 235References 23511 Antiviral, Antimicrobial, and Antibiofilm Properties of Biosurfactants: Sustainable Use in Food and Pharmaceuticals 245Kenia Barrantes, Juan José Araya, Luz Chacón, Rolando Procupez-Schtirbu, Fernanda Lugo, Gabriel Ibarra, and Víctor H. Soto11.1 Introduction 24511.2 Antimicrobial Properties 24611.3 Biofilms 25211.4 Antiviral Properties 25511.5 Therapeutic and Pharmaceutical Applications of Biosurfactants 25611.6 Biosurfactants in the Food Industry: Quality of the Food 25811.7 Conclusions 260Acknowledgements 261References 26112 Biosurfactant-Based Antibiofilm Nano Materials 269Sonam Gupta12.1 Introduction 26912.2 Emerging Biofilm Infections 27012.3 Challenges and Recent Advancement in Antibiofilm Agent Development 27212.4 Impact of Extracellular Matrix and Their Virulence Attributes 27312.5 Role of Indwelling Devices in Emerging Drug Resistance 27412.6 Role of Physiological Factors (Growth Rate, Biofilm Age, Starvation) 27412.7 Impact of Efflux Pump in Antibiotic Resistance Development 27512.8 Nanotechnology-Based Approaches to Combat Biofilm 27612.9 Biosurfactants: A Promising Candidate to Synthesize Nanomedicines 27712.10 Synthesis of Nanomaterials 27812.11 Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SNEDDs) 28212.12 Biosurfactant-Based Antibiofilm Nanomaterials 28312.13 Conclusions and Future Prospects 283Acknowledgement 285References 28513 Biosurfactants from Bacteria and Fungi: Perspectives on Advanced Biomedical Applications 293Rashmi Rekha Saikia, Suresh Deka, and Hemen Sarma13.1 Introduction 29313.2 Biomedical Applications of Biosurfactants: Recent Developments 29513.3 Conclusion 307Acknowledgements 307References 30714 Biosurfactant-Inspired Control of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) 317Amy R. Nava14.1 Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, and Multidrug Resistance 31714.2 Biosurfactant Types Commonly Utilized Against S. aureus and Other Pathogens 31814.3 Properties of Efficient Biosurfactants Against MRSA and Bacterial Pathogens 31914.4 Uses for Biosurfactants 32014.5 Biosurfactants Illustrating Antiadhesive Properties against MRSA Biofilms 32014.6 Biosurfactants with Antibiofilm and Antimicrobial Properties 32214.7 Media, Microbial Source, and Culture Conditions for Antibiofilm and Antimicrobial Properties 32314.8 Novel Synergistic Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Strategies Against MRSA and S. aureus 32614.9 Novel Potential Mechanisms of Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Properties 32814.10 Conclusion 330References 33215 Exploiting the Significance of Biosurfactant for the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Pathogenic Infections 339Sonam Gupta and Vikas Pruthi15.1 Introduction 33915.2 Microbial Pathogenesis and Biosurfactants 34015.3 Bio-Removal of Antibiotics Using Probiotics and Biosurfactants Bacteria 34215.4 Antiproliferative, Antioxidant, and Antibiofilm Potential of Biosurfactant 34315.5 Wound Healing Potential of Biosurfactants 34415.6 Conclusion and Future Prospects 345References 34616 Biosurfactants Against Drug-Resistant Human and Plant Pathogens: Recent Advances 353Chandana Malakar and Suresh Deka16.1 Introduction 35316.2 Environmental Impact of Antibiotics 35416.3 Pathogenicity of Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes on Human and Plant Health 35616.4 Role of Biosurfactants in Combating Antibiotic Resistance: Challenges and Prospects 36016.5 Conclusion 364Acknowledgements 365References 36517 Surfactant- and Biosurfactant-Based Therapeutics: Structure, Properties, and Recent Developments in Drug Delivery and Therapeutic Applications 373Anand K. Kondapi17.1 Introduction 37417.2 Determinants and Forms of Surfactants 37417.3 Structural Forms of Surfactants 37717.4 Drug Delivery Systems 38117.5 Different Types of Biosurfactants Used for Drug Delivery 38417.6 Conclusions 391References 39218 The Potential Use of Biosurfactants in Cosmetics and Dermatological Products: Current Trends and Future Prospects 397Zarith Asyikin Abdul Aziz, Siti Hamidah Mohd Setapar, Asma Khatoon, and Akil Ahmad18.1 Introduction 39718.2 Properties of Biosurfactants 39918.3 Biosurfactant Classifications and Potential Use in Cosmetic Applications 40118.4 Dermatological Approach of Biosurfactants 40618.5 Cosmetic Formulation with Biosurfactant 40918.6 Safety Measurement Taken for Biosurfactant Applications in Dermatology and Cosmetics 41218.7 Conclusion and Future Perspective 415Acknowledgement 415References 41519 Cosmeceutical Applications of Biosurfactants: Challenges and Prospects 423Káren Gercyane Oliveira Bezerra and Leonie Asfora Sarubbo19.1 Introduction 42319.2 Cosmeceutical Properties of Biosurfactants 42419.3 Other Activities 42919.4 Application Prospects 43219.5 Biosurfactants in the Market 43319.6 Challenges and Conclusion 434References 43620 Biotechnologically Derived Bioactive Molecules for Skin and Hair-Care Application 443Suparna Sen, Siddhartha Narayan Borah, and Suresh Deka20.1 Introduction 44320.2 Surfactants in Cosmetic Formulation 44520.3 Biosurfactants in Cosmetic Formulations 44520.4 Conclusion 457References 45721 Biosurfactants as Biocontrol Agents Against Mycotoxigenic Fungi 465Ana I. Rodrigues, Eduardo J. Gudiña, José A. Teixeira, and Lígia R. Rodrigues21.1 Mycotoxins 46521.2 Aflatoxins 46621.3 Deoxynivalenol 46721.4 Fumonisins 46821.5 Ochratoxin A 46821.6 Patulin 47021.7 Zearalenone 47021.8 Prevention and Control of Mycotoxins 47121.9 Biosurfactants 47221.10 Glycolipids 47321.11 Lipopeptides 47421.12 Antifungal Activity of Glycolipid Biosurfactants 47421.13 Antifungal and Antimycotoxigenic Activity of Lipopeptide Biosurfactants 47521.14 Opportunities and Perspectives 482Acknowledgements 483References 48322 Biosurfactant-Mediated Biocontrol of Pathogenic Microbes of Crop Plants 491Madhurankhi Goswami and Suresh Deka22.1 Introduction 49122.2 Biosurfactant: Properties and Types 49222.3 Biosurfactant in Agrochemical Formulations for Sustainable Agriculture 50222.4 Biosurfactants for a Greener and Safer Environment 50322.5 Conclusion 503References 504Index 510

Hemen Sarma is Assistant Professor at Nanda Nath Saikia College in Assam, India. His research focus is on plant- microbiome interactions, biosurfactants, persistent organic and inorganic pollutants, sustainable remediation, molecular breeding, CRISPR/cas9 gene editing and nanobiotechnology.Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad is Emeritus Professor in the School of Life Sciences at the University of Hyderabad in India. He has published over 216 papers in scholarly journals and edited 34 books. He received his doctorate in Botany from Lucknow University, India in 1979. Based on an independent study by Stanford University scientists in 2020, he figured in the top 2% of scientists from India, ranked number 1 in Environmental Sciences (116 in world).

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• List of Contributors xiiPreface xvii1 Introduction to Biosurfactants 1José Vázquez Tato, Julio A. Seijas, M. Pilar Vázquez-Tato, Francisco Meijide,Santiago de Frutos, Aida Jover, Francisco Fraga, and Victor H. Soto1.1 Introduction and Historical Perspective 11.2 Micelle Formation 51.3 Average Aggregation Numbers 141.4 Packing Properties of Amphiphiles 181.5 Biosurfactants 201.6 Sophorolipids 251.7 Surfactin 281.8 Final Comments 31Acknowledgement 32References 322 Metagenomics Approach for Selection of Biosurfactant Producing Bacteria from Oil Contaminated Soil: An Insight Into Its Technology 43Nazim F. Islam and Hemen Sarma2.1 Introduction 432.2 Metagenomics Application: A State-of-the-Art Technique 442.3 Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacteria and Genes 462.4 Metagenomic Approaches in the Selection of Biosurfactant-Producing Microbes 472.5 Metagenomics with Stable Isotope Probe (SIP) Techniques 482.6 Screening Methods to Identify Features of Biosurfactants 502.7 Functional Metagenomics: Challenge and Opportunities 522.8 Conclusion 53Acknowledgements 54References 543 Biosurfactant Production Using Bioreactors from Industrial Byproducts 59Arun Karnwal3.1 Introduction 593.2 Significance of the Production of Biosurfactants from Industrial Products 603.3 Factors Affect Biosurfactant Production in Bioreactor 613.4 Microorganisms 613.5 Bacterial Growth Conditions 633.6 Substrate for Biosurfactant Production 653.7 Conclusions 71Acknowledgement 71References 724 Biosurfactants for Heavy Metal Remediation and Bioeconomics 79Shalini Srivastava, Monoj Kumar Mondal, and Shashi Bhushan Agrawal4.1 Introduction 804.2 Concept of Surfactant and Biosurfactant for Heavy Metal Remediation 814.3 Mechanisms of Biosurfactant–Metal Interactions 824.4 Substrates Used for Biosurfactant Production 824.5 Classification of Biosurfactants 854.6 Types of Biosurfactants 854.7 Factors Influencing Biosurfactants Production 884.8 Strategies for Commercial Biosurfactant Production 894.9 Application of Biosurfactant for Heavy Metal Remediation 904.10 Bioeconomics of Metal Remediation Using Biosurfactants 934.11 Conclusion 94References 945 Application of Biosurfactants for Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) 99Jéssica Correia, Lígia R. Rodrigues, José A. Teixeira, and Eduardo J. Gudiña5.1 Energy Demand and Fossil Fuels 995.2 Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) 1015.3 Mechanisms of Surfactant Flooding 1025.4 Biosurfactants: An Alternative to Chemical Surfactants to Increase Oil Recovery 1035.5 Biosurfactant MEOR: Laboratory Studies 1045.6 Field Assays 1125.7 Current State of Knowledge, Technological Advances, and Future Perspectives 113Acknowledgements 114References 1146 Biosurfactant Enhanced Sustainable Remediation of Petroleum Contaminated Soil 119Pooja Singh, Selvan Ravindran, and Yogesh Patil6.1 Introduction 1196.2 Microbial-Assisted Bioremediation of Petroleum Contaminated Soil 1216.3 Hydrocarbon Degradation and Biosurfactants 1226.4 Soil Washing Using Biosurfactants 1246.5 Combination Strategies for Efficient Bioremediation 1266.6 Biosurfactant Mediated Field Trials 1296.7 Limitations, Strategies, and Considerations of Biosurfactant-MediatedPetroleum Hydrocarbon Degradation 1306.8 Conclusion 132References 1337 Microbial Surfactants are Next-Generation Biomolecules for Sustainable Remediation of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons 139Punniyakotti Parthipan, Liang Cheng, Aruliah Rajasekar, and Subramania Angaiah7.1 Introduction 1397.2 Biosurfactant-Enhanced Bioremediation of PAHs 1447.3 Microorganism’s Adaptations to Enhance Bioavailability 1517.4 Influences of Micellization on Hydrocarbons Access 1517.5 Accession of PAHs in Soil Texture 1527.6 The Negative Impact of Surfactant on PAH Degradations 1527.7 Conclusion and Future Directions 153References 1538 Biosurfactants for Enhanced Bioavailability of Micronutrients in Soil: A Sustainable Approach 159Siddhartha Narayan Borah, Suparna Sen, and Kannan Pakshirajan8.1 Introduction 1598.2 Micronutrient Deficiency in Soil 1618.3 Factors Affecting the Bioavailability of Micronutrients 1618.4 Effect of Micronutrient Deficiency on the Biota 1638.5 The Role of Surfactants in the Facilitation of Micronutrient Biosorption 1668.6 Surfactants 1668.7 Conclusion 173References 1749 Biosurfactants: Production and Role in Synthesis of Nanoparticles for Environmental Applications 183Ashwini N. Rane, S.J. Geetha, and Sanket J. Joshi9.1 Nanoparticles 1839.2 Synthesis of Nanoparticles 1849.3 Biosurfactants 1879.4 Biosurfactant Mediated Nanoparticles Synthesis 1919.5 Challenges in Environmental Applications of Nanoparticles and Future Perspectives 196Acknowledgements 197References 19710 Green Surfactants: Production, Properties, and Application in Advanced Medical Technologies 207Ana María Marqués, Lourdes Pérez, Maribel Farfán, and Aurora Pinazo10.1 Environmental Pollution and World Health 20710.2 Amino Acid-Derived Surfactants 20810.3 Biosurfactants 21310.4 Antimicrobial Resistance 21910.5 Catanionic Vesicles 22310.6 Biosurfactant Functionalization: A Strategy to Develop Active Antimicrobial Compounds 23410.7 Conclusions 235References 23511 Antiviral, Antimicrobial, and Antibiofilm Properties of Biosurfactants: Sustainable Use in Food and Pharmaceuticals 245Kenia Barrantes, Juan José Araya, Luz Chacón, Rolando Procupez-Schtirbu, Fernanda Lugo, Gabriel Ibarra, and Víctor H. Soto11.1 Introduction 24511.2 Antimicrobial Properties 24611.3 Biofilms 25211.4 Antiviral Properties 25511.5 Therapeutic and Pharmaceutical Applications of Biosurfactants 25611.6 Biosurfactants in the Food Industry: Quality of the Food 25811.7 Conclusions 260Acknowledgements 261References 26112 Biosurfactant-Based Antibiofilm Nano Materials 269Sonam Gupta12.1 Introduction 26912.2 Emerging Biofilm Infections 27012.3 Challenges and Recent Advancement in Antibiofilm Agent Development 27212.4 Impact of Extracellular Matrix and Their Virulence Attributes 27312.5 Role of Indwelling Devices in Emerging Drug Resistance 27412.6 Role of Physiological Factors (Growth Rate, Biofilm Age, Starvation) 27412.7 Impact of Efflux Pump in Antibiotic Resistance Development 27512.8 Nanotechnology-Based Approaches to Combat Biofilm 27612.9 Biosurfactants: A Promising Candidate to Synthesize Nanomedicines 27712.10 Synthesis of Nanomaterials 27812.11 Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SNEDDs) 28212.12 Biosurfactant-Based Antibiofilm Nanomaterials 28312.13 Conclusions and Future Prospects 283Acknowledgement 285References 28513 Biosurfactants from Bacteria and Fungi: Perspectives on Advanced Biomedical Applications 293Rashmi Rekha Saikia, Suresh Deka, and Hemen Sarma13.1 Introduction 29313.2 Biomedical Applications of Biosurfactants: Recent Developments 29513.3 Conclusion 307Acknowledgements 307References 30714 Biosurfactant-Inspired Control of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) 317Amy R. Nava14.1 Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, and Multidrug Resistance 31714.2 Biosurfactant Types Commonly Utilized Against S. aureus and Other Pathogens 31814.3 Properties of Efficient Biosurfactants Against MRSA and Bacterial Pathogens 31914.4 Uses for Biosurfactants 32014.5 Biosurfactants Illustrating Antiadhesive Properties against MRSA Biofilms 32014.6 Biosurfactants with Antibiofilm and Antimicrobial Properties 32214.7 Media, Microbial Source, and Culture Conditions for Antibiofilm and Antimicrobial Properties 32314.8 Novel Synergistic Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Strategies Against MRSA and S. aureus 32614.9 Novel Potential Mechanisms of Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Properties 32814.10 Conclusion 330References 33215 Exploiting the Significance of Biosurfactant for the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Pathogenic Infections 339Sonam Gupta and Vikas Pruthi15.1 Introduction 33915.2 Microbial Pathogenesis and Biosurfactants 34015.3 Bio-Removal of Antibiotics Using Probiotics and Biosurfactants Bacteria 34215.4 Antiproliferative, Antioxidant, and Antibiofilm Potential of Biosurfactant 34315.5 Wound Healing Potential of Biosurfactants 34415.6 Conclusion and Future Prospects 345References 34616 Biosurfactants Against Drug-Resistant Human and Plant Pathogens: Recent Advances 353Chandana Malakar and Suresh Deka16.1 Introduction 35316.2 Environmental Impact of Antibiotics 35416.3 Pathogenicity of Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes on Human and Plant Health 35616.4 Role of Biosurfactants in Combating Antibiotic Resistance: Challenges and Prospects 36016.5 Conclusion 364Acknowledgements 365References 36517 Surfactant- and Biosurfactant-Based Therapeutics: Structure, Properties, and Recent Developments in Drug Delivery and Therapeutic Applications 373Anand K. Kondapi17.1 Introduction 37417.2 Determinants and Forms of Surfactants 37417.3 Structural Forms of Surfactants 37717.4 Drug Delivery Systems 38117.5 Different Types of Biosurfactants Used for Drug Delivery 38417.6 Conclusions 391References 39218 The Potential Use of Biosurfactants in Cosmetics and Dermatological Products: Current Trends and Future Prospects 397Zarith Asyikin Abdul Aziz, Siti Hamidah Mohd Setapar, Asma Khatoon, and Akil Ahmad18.1 Introduction 39718.2 Properties of Biosurfactants 39918.3 Biosurfactant Classifications and Potential Use in Cosmetic Applications 40118.4 Dermatological Approach of Biosurfactants 40618.5 Cosmetic Formulation with Biosurfactant 40918.6 Safety Measurement Taken for Biosurfactant Applications in Dermatology and Cosmetics 41218.7 Conclusion and Future Perspective 415Acknowledgement 415References 41519 Cosmeceutical Applications of Biosurfactants: Challenges and Prospects 423Káren Gercyane Oliveira Bezerra and Leonie Asfora Sarubbo19.1 Introduction 42319.2 Cosmeceutical Properties of Biosurfactants 42419.3 Other Activities 42919.4 Application Prospects 43219.5 Biosurfactants in the Market 43319.6 Challenges and Conclusion 434References 43620 Biotechnologically Derived Bioactive Molecules for Skin and Hair-Care Application 443Suparna Sen, Siddhartha Narayan Borah, and Suresh Deka20.1 Introduction 44320.2 Surfactants in Cosmetic Formulation 44520.3 Biosurfactants in Cosmetic Formulations 44520.4 Conclusion 457References 45721 Biosurfactants as Biocontrol Agents Against Mycotoxigenic Fungi 465Ana I. Rodrigues, Eduardo J. Gudiña, José A. Teixeira, and Lígia R. Rodrigues21.1 Mycotoxins 46521.2 Aflatoxins 46621.3 Deoxynivalenol 46721.4 Fumonisins 46821.5 Ochratoxin A 46821.6 Patulin 47021.7 Zearalenone 47021.8 Prevention and Control of Mycotoxins 47121.9 Biosurfactants 47221.10 Glycolipids 47321.11 Lipopeptides 47421.12 Antifungal Activity of Glycolipid Biosurfactants 47421.13 Antifungal and Antimycotoxigenic Activity of Lipopeptide Biosurfactants 47521.14 Opportunities and Perspectives 482Acknowledgements 483References 48322 Biosurfactant-Mediated Biocontrol of Pathogenic Microbes of Crop Plants 491Madhurankhi Goswami and Suresh Deka22.1 Introduction 49122.2 Biosurfactant: Properties and Types 49222.3 Biosurfactant in Agrochemical Formulations for Sustainable Agriculture 50222.4 Biosurfactants for a Greener and Safer Environment 50322.5 Conclusion 503References 504Index 510

Hemen Sarma is Assistant Professor at Nanda Nath Saikia College in Assam, India. His research focus is on plant- microbiome interactions, biosurfactants, persistent organic and inorganic pollutants, sustainable remediation, molecular breeding, CRISPR/cas9 gene editing and nanobiotechnology.Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad is Emeritus Professor in the School of Life Sciences at the University of Hyderabad in India. He has published over 216 papers in scholarly journals and edited 34 books. He received his doctorate in Botany from Lucknow University, India in 1979. Based on an independent study by Stanford University scientists in 2020, he figured in the top 2% of scientists from India, ranked number 1 in Environmental Sciences (116 in world).

Select Guide Rating

• List of Contributors xiiPreface xvii1 Introduction to Biosurfactants 1José Vázquez Tato, Julio A. Seijas, M. Pilar Vázquez-Tato, Francisco Meijide,Santiago de Frutos, Aida Jover, Francisco Fraga, and Victor H. Soto1.1 Introduction and Historical Perspective 11.2 Micelle Formation 51.3 Average Aggregation Numbers 141.4 Packing Properties of Amphiphiles 181.5 Biosurfactants 201.6 Sophorolipids 251.7 Surfactin 281.8 Final Comments 31Acknowledgement 32References 322 Metagenomics Approach for Selection of Biosurfactant Producing Bacteria from Oil Contaminated Soil: An Insight Into Its Technology 43Nazim F. Islam and Hemen Sarma2.1 Introduction 432.2 Metagenomics Application: A State-of-the-Art Technique 442.3 Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacteria and Genes 462.4 Metagenomic Approaches in the Selection of Biosurfactant-Producing Microbes 472.5 Metagenomics with Stable Isotope Probe (SIP) Techniques 482.6 Screening Methods to Identify Features of Biosurfactants 502.7 Functional Metagenomics: Challenge and Opportunities 522.8 Conclusion 53Acknowledgements 54References 543 Biosurfactant Production Using Bioreactors from Industrial Byproducts 59Arun Karnwal3.1 Introduction 593.2 Significance of the Production of Biosurfactants from Industrial Products 603.3 Factors Affect Biosurfactant Production in Bioreactor 613.4 Microorganisms 613.5 Bacterial Growth Conditions 633.6 Substrate for Biosurfactant Production 653.7 Conclusions 71Acknowledgement 71References 724 Biosurfactants for Heavy Metal Remediation and Bioeconomics 79Shalini Srivastava, Monoj Kumar Mondal, and Shashi Bhushan Agrawal4.1 Introduction 804.2 Concept of Surfactant and Biosurfactant for Heavy Metal Remediation 814.3 Mechanisms of Biosurfactant–Metal Interactions 824.4 Substrates Used for Biosurfactant Production 824.5 Classification of Biosurfactants 854.6 Types of Biosurfactants 854.7 Factors Influencing Biosurfactants Production 884.8 Strategies for Commercial Biosurfactant Production 894.9 Application of Biosurfactant for Heavy Metal Remediation 904.10 Bioeconomics of Metal Remediation Using Biosurfactants 934.11 Conclusion 94References 945 Application of Biosurfactants for Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) 99Jéssica Correia, Lígia R. Rodrigues, José A. Teixeira, and Eduardo J. Gudiña5.1 Energy Demand and Fossil Fuels 995.2 Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) 1015.3 Mechanisms of Surfactant Flooding 1025.4 Biosurfactants: An Alternative to Chemical Surfactants to Increase Oil Recovery 1035.5 Biosurfactant MEOR: Laboratory Studies 1045.6 Field Assays 1125.7 Current State of Knowledge, Technological Advances, and Future Perspectives 113Acknowledgements 114References 1146 Biosurfactant Enhanced Sustainable Remediation of Petroleum Contaminated Soil 119Pooja Singh, Selvan Ravindran, and Yogesh Patil6.1 Introduction 1196.2 Microbial-Assisted Bioremediation of Petroleum Contaminated Soil 1216.3 Hydrocarbon Degradation and Biosurfactants 1226.4 Soil Washing Using Biosurfactants 1246.5 Combination Strategies for Efficient Bioremediation 1266.6 Biosurfactant Mediated Field Trials 1296.7 Limitations, Strategies, and Considerations of Biosurfactant-MediatedPetroleum Hydrocarbon Degradation 1306.8 Conclusion 132References 1337 Microbial Surfactants are Next-Generation Biomolecules for Sustainable Remediation of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons 139Punniyakotti Parthipan, Liang Cheng, Aruliah Rajasekar, and Subramania Angaiah7.1 Introduction 1397.2 Biosurfactant-Enhanced Bioremediation of PAHs 1447.3 Microorganism’s Adaptations to Enhance Bioavailability 1517.4 Influences of Micellization on Hydrocarbons Access 1517.5 Accession of PAHs in Soil Texture 1527.6 The Negative Impact of Surfactant on PAH Degradations 1527.7 Conclusion and Future Directions 153References 1538 Biosurfactants for Enhanced Bioavailability of Micronutrients in Soil: A Sustainable Approach 159Siddhartha Narayan Borah, Suparna Sen, and Kannan Pakshirajan8.1 Introduction 1598.2 Micronutrient Deficiency in Soil 1618.3 Factors Affecting the Bioavailability of Micronutrients 1618.4 Effect of Micronutrient Deficiency on the Biota 1638.5 The Role of Surfactants in the Facilitation of Micronutrient Biosorption 1668.6 Surfactants 1668.7 Conclusion 173References 1749 Biosurfactants: Production and Role in Synthesis of Nanoparticles for Environmental Applications 183Ashwini N. Rane, S.J. Geetha, and Sanket J. Joshi9.1 Nanoparticles 1839.2 Synthesis of Nanoparticles 1849.3 Biosurfactants 1879.4 Biosurfactant Mediated Nanoparticles Synthesis 1919.5 Challenges in Environmental Applications of Nanoparticles and Future Perspectives 196Acknowledgements 197References 19710 Green Surfactants: Production, Properties, and Application in Advanced Medical Technologies 207Ana María Marqués, Lourdes Pérez, Maribel Farfán, and Aurora Pinazo10.1 Environmental Pollution and World Health 20710.2 Amino Acid-Derived Surfactants 20810.3 Biosurfactants 21310.4 Antimicrobial Resistance 21910.5 Catanionic Vesicles 22310.6 Biosurfactant Functionalization: A Strategy to Develop Active Antimicrobial Compounds 23410.7 Conclusions 235References 23511 Antiviral, Antimicrobial, and Antibiofilm Properties of Biosurfactants: Sustainable Use in Food and Pharmaceuticals 245Kenia Barrantes, Juan José Araya, Luz Chacón, Rolando Procupez-Schtirbu, Fernanda Lugo, Gabriel Ibarra, and Víctor H. Soto11.1 Introduction 24511.2 Antimicrobial Properties 24611.3 Biofilms 25211.4 Antiviral Properties 25511.5 Therapeutic and Pharmaceutical Applications of Biosurfactants 25611.6 Biosurfactants in the Food Industry: Quality of the Food 25811.7 Conclusions 260Acknowledgements 261References 26112 Biosurfactant-Based Antibiofilm Nano Materials 269Sonam Gupta12.1 Introduction 26912.2 Emerging Biofilm Infections 27012.3 Challenges and Recent Advancement in Antibiofilm Agent Development 27212.4 Impact of Extracellular Matrix and Their Virulence Attributes 27312.5 Role of Indwelling Devices in Emerging Drug Resistance 27412.6 Role of Physiological Factors (Growth Rate, Biofilm Age, Starvation) 27412.7 Impact of Efflux Pump in Antibiotic Resistance Development 27512.8 Nanotechnology-Based Approaches to Combat Biofilm 27612.9 Biosurfactants: A Promising Candidate to Synthesize Nanomedicines 27712.10 Synthesis of Nanomaterials 27812.11 Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SNEDDs) 28212.12 Biosurfactant-Based Antibiofilm Nanomaterials 28312.13 Conclusions and Future Prospects 283Acknowledgement 285References 28513 Biosurfactants from Bacteria and Fungi: Perspectives on Advanced Biomedical Applications 293Rashmi Rekha Saikia, Suresh Deka, and Hemen Sarma13.1 Introduction 29313.2 Biomedical Applications of Biosurfactants: Recent Developments 29513.3 Conclusion 307Acknowledgements 307References 30714 Biosurfactant-Inspired Control of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) 317Amy R. Nava14.1 Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, and Multidrug Resistance 31714.2 Biosurfactant Types Commonly Utilized Against S. aureus and Other Pathogens 31814.3 Properties of Efficient Biosurfactants Against MRSA and Bacterial Pathogens 31914.4 Uses for Biosurfactants 32014.5 Biosurfactants Illustrating Antiadhesive Properties against MRSA Biofilms 32014.6 Biosurfactants with Antibiofilm and Antimicrobial Properties 32214.7 Media, Microbial Source, and Culture Conditions for Antibiofilm and Antimicrobial Properties 32314.8 Novel Synergistic Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Strategies Against MRSA and S. aureus 32614.9 Novel Potential Mechanisms of Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Properties 32814.10 Conclusion 330References 33215 Exploiting the Significance of Biosurfactant for the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Pathogenic Infections 339Sonam Gupta and Vikas Pruthi15.1 Introduction 33915.2 Microbial Pathogenesis and Biosurfactants 34015.3 Bio-Removal of Antibiotics Using Probiotics and Biosurfactants Bacteria 34215.4 Antiproliferative, Antioxidant, and Antibiofilm Potential of Biosurfactant 34315.5 Wound Healing Potential of Biosurfactants 34415.6 Conclusion and Future Prospects 345References 34616 Biosurfactants Against Drug-Resistant Human and Plant Pathogens: Recent Advances 353Chandana Malakar and Suresh Deka16.1 Introduction 35316.2 Environmental Impact of Antibiotics 35416.3 Pathogenicity of Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes on Human and Plant Health 35616.4 Role of Biosurfactants in Combating Antibiotic Resistance: Challenges and Prospects 36016.5 Conclusion 364Acknowledgements 365References 36517 Surfactant- and Biosurfactant-Based Therapeutics: Structure, Properties, and Recent Developments in Drug Delivery and Therapeutic Applications 373Anand K. Kondapi17.1 Introduction 37417.2 Determinants and Forms of Surfactants 37417.3 Structural Forms of Surfactants 37717.4 Drug Delivery Systems 38117.5 Different Types of Biosurfactants Used for Drug Delivery 38417.6 Conclusions 391References 39218 The Potential Use of Biosurfactants in Cosmetics and Dermatological Products: Current Trends and Future Prospects 397Zarith Asyikin Abdul Aziz, Siti Hamidah Mohd Setapar, Asma Khatoon, and Akil Ahmad18.1 Introduction 39718.2 Properties of Biosurfactants 39918.3 Biosurfactant Classifications and Potential Use in Cosmetic Applications 40118.4 Dermatological Approach of Biosurfactants 40618.5 Cosmetic Formulation with Biosurfactant 40918.6 Safety Measurement Taken for Biosurfactant Applications in Dermatology and Cosmetics 41218.7 Conclusion and Future Perspective 415Acknowledgement 415References 41519 Cosmeceutical Applications of Biosurfactants: Challenges and Prospects 423Káren Gercyane Oliveira Bezerra and Leonie Asfora Sarubbo19.1 Introduction 42319.2 Cosmeceutical Properties of Biosurfactants 42419.3 Other Activities 42919.4 Application Prospects 43219.5 Biosurfactants in the Market 43319.6 Challenges and Conclusion 434References 43620 Biotechnologically Derived Bioactive Molecules for Skin and Hair-Care Application 443Suparna Sen, Siddhartha Narayan Borah, and Suresh Deka20.1 Introduction 44320.2 Surfactants in Cosmetic Formulation 44520.3 Biosurfactants in Cosmetic Formulations 44520.4 Conclusion 457References 45721 Biosurfactants as Biocontrol Agents Against Mycotoxigenic Fungi 465Ana I. Rodrigues, Eduardo J. Gudiña, José A. Teixeira, and Lígia R. Rodrigues21.1 Mycotoxins 46521.2 Aflatoxins 46621.3 Deoxynivalenol 46721.4 Fumonisins 46821.5 Ochratoxin A 46821.6 Patulin 47021.7 Zearalenone 47021.8 Prevention and Control of Mycotoxins 47121.9 Biosurfactants 47221.10 Glycolipids 47321.11 Lipopeptides 47421.12 Antifungal Activity of Glycolipid Biosurfactants 47421.13 Antifungal and Antimycotoxigenic Activity of Lipopeptide Biosurfactants 47521.14 Opportunities and Perspectives 482Acknowledgements 483References 48322 Biosurfactant-Mediated Biocontrol of Pathogenic Microbes of Crop Plants 491Madhurankhi Goswami and Suresh Deka22.1 Introduction 49122.2 Biosurfactant: Properties and Types 49222.3 Biosurfactant in Agrochemical Formulations for Sustainable Agriculture 50222.4 Biosurfactants for a Greener and Safer Environment 50322.5 Conclusion 503References 504Index 510