Companion to Epistemology, 2 Volume Set

KURT SYLVAN is Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Southampton. Specializing in epistemology, philosophy of mind, and philosophy of practical reason, he has published extensively in leading journals such as Philosophical Review, Mind, and Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. His research focuses on foundational questions about knowledge and the ethics of belief. JONATHAN DANCY is Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at the University of Texas at Austin. Known for his influential work in epistemology, moral philosophy, and the philosophy of practical reason, Dancy is the author of several foundational books in ethics and epistemology, including Contemporary Epistemology, Ethics without Principles, and Practical Reality. ERNEST SOSA is Board of Governors Professor of Philosophy at Rutgers University. He previously taught at Brown University for more than forty years. A pioneer in virtue epistemology and inventor of telic virtue epistemology, Sosa has authored many influential books on knowledge and belief, including Judgement and Agency and Epistemic Explanations. MATTHIAS STEUP is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Colorado at Boulder. He has published influential articles on the structure of justification, internalism vs. externalism, doxastic control, and the ethics of belief. He is co-editor of Wiley Blackwell’s Contemporary Debates in Epistemology, Third Edition.

• Notes on Contributors ixPreface to the Third Edition xivPreface to the Second Edition xviPreface to the First Edition xviiSection 1 Historical and Cross- Cultural Epistemology 11 Ancient Greek and Roman Epistemology 3Natalie Hannan and Katja Maria Vogt2 Plato’s Epistemology 19Jessica Moss3 Empiricism in Aristotle 27Marc Gasser- Wingate4 Conceptions of Knowledge in Classical Chinese Philosophy 32Hui- Chieh Loy and Daryl Ooi5 Sanskrit Epistemology 43Nilanjan Das6 Epistemology in Islamic Philosophy 65Anthony Booth7 Early Modern Epistemology 75Jennifer Smalligan Marušic ́8.1 Descartes’s Clarity-First Epistemology 86Elliot Samuel Paul8.2 Descartes’s Method for Achieving Knowledge 92Elliot Samuel Paul9 Kant on Truth and Its Source in Reason 99Alexandra Newton10 Early Analytic Epistemology 111Mathieu Marion11 Continental Epistemology 128Linda Martín Alcoff12 African Epistemology 133Paul O. Irikefe13 Cross- Linguistic Studies in Epistemology 144Davide Fassio and Jie GaoSection 2 Major Traditional Topics 15314 The Analysis of Knowledge 155J. Adam Carter15 Internalism and Externalism 167Juan Comesaña16 The Structure of Justification 177Ali Hasan17 The Epistemic Basing Relation 188Ram Neta18 Induction 197Gilbert Harman19 Problems of Induction 202Laurence BonJour20 Bayesian Epistemology 207Alan Hájek and Stephan Hartmann21 Defeat 219Mona Simion22 Scepticism 230Genia Schönbaumsfeld23 Conservatism and the Problem of Easy Knowledge 241Matthias Steup24 The A Priori: What’s It All About? 254Carrie Jenkins25 Self- Knowledge 264Sophie Keeling26 Intuition 277Jennifer Nado27 The Epistemology of Memory 288Carlos Montemayor28 Knowing from Words: In Defense of Cautious Optimism 299Arindam Chakrabarti29 Other Minds 315Akeel Bilgrami30 Experience and the Foundations of Perceptual Knowledge 320Kurt Sylvan31.1 Practical Knowledge 1: Main Themes 337Lucy Campbell31.2 Practical Knowledge 2: Main Accounts 343Lucy Campbell32 The Epistemology of Religious Belief 349Alvin Plantinga33 Evidentialism 354Giada Fratantonio34 Reliabilism 367Alvin Goldman35 Sosa’s Epistemology in Perspective 376Kurt Sylvan and J. Adam Carter36 Responsibilism in Virtue Epistemology 392Heather D. Battaly37 Knowledge- First Epistemology 403Timothy Williamson38 Feminist Conceptions of Objectivity 413Heidi GrasswickSection 3 Recent and Emerging Topics 42139 Pragmatic Encroachment 423Jessica Brown40 Understanding 432Alison Hills41 Inquiry in Epistemology: Doxastic Attitudes as Zetetic Attitudes 439Jane Friedman42 The Epistemology of Attention 450Catharine Saint- Croix43 The Epistemology of Skills 461Carlotta Pavese44 The Epistemology of Modality 472Anand J. Vaidya and Michael Wallner45 Agent Functionalism 483Christoph Kelp46 The Ethics of Belief 494Rima Basu47 Permissivism 504Julia Smith48 Epistemic Reasons 517Errol Lord49 Disagreement 529Peter Brössel and Anna- Maria Asunta Eder50 Probabilistic Opinion Pooling 537Xueyin (Snow) Zhang51 Convergence to the Truth 545Hanti Lin52 Testimony 552Guy Longworth53 Testimonial Injustice and the Nature of Epistemic Injustice 557Emily Coleen McWilliams54 Political Epistemologies 569Kristie Dotson and Ezgi Sertler55 Standpoint Epistemology and the Epistemology of Deference 584Emily Tilton and Briana Toole56 Vice Epistemology 595Alessandra Tanesini57 Ideology 605Quassim CassamIndex 616