Rethinking Gender, Work and Care in a New Europe

Triin Roosalu is Associate Professor and Researcher at the Institute of International and Social Studies, Tallinn University, Estonia. Dirk Hofäcker is Professor of Quantitative Social Research Methods at the Department of Educational Sciences, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany. He specializes in internationally comparative social research.

"A quarter-century after the 'transition' from socialism to capitalism in Eastern Europe, the dynamics of gender relations at work and in the home remain deeply marked by the region's unique history, as well as the effects of integration into the global capitalist system. This rich panorama of case studies brings together original work by an impressive group of scholars, deploying multiple methodologies. The chapters carefully excavate the variations in gender, work and family among and within Eastern European countries, while also highlighting broader trends in the region as a whole. This book is a major contribution to the literature on this vitally important topic." - Ruth Milkman, CUNY Graduate Center, USA "This volume stands out for addressing all the key issues of Eastern European women's employment situation and social standing in conceptually nuanced and empirically thoroughly documented ways. To find out how labor market institutions, family policies, family and work balances and occupational mobility interact for or against closing the gender gap, the authors compare the EU's new Central and Eastern European member states with each other as well as with the old member states. The volume makes a convincing case for taking seriously the similarities and differences in communist legacies, and in market pressures and social policy responses, and opens new avenues for cross-European comparative inquiry. For its encyclopedic coverage of relevant policy areas, country cases, and statistical and qualitative evidence, the book is an important contribution to scholarship in the field, and ought to be among the standard readings of university courses in studies of gender, labor markets, and social policy." - Bela Greskovits, Central European University, Hungary "This highly informative and original volume gives a systematic and up-to-date overview over life courses and employment trajectories of women in a wide range of European countries, with a special focus on East Central Europe. How have East Central European societies navigated the double challenge of a major crisis of labor markets and the dismantling of existing social and family policies after the breakdown of socialism, and what has this done to female labor power? How far do concepts and theories developed for the Western context travel to the East, and where do we need to re-think Western experiences on the basis of East European developments? Does it makes sense to speak of a post-socialist model of female employment trajectories or do we rather see a variety of experiences, spanning Europe as a whole? The volume answers these questions with thorough empirical analyses, rich comparisons, and innovative theoretical concepts. The result is a must read for students of labor markets, social policy and gender politics." - Dorothee Bohle, Central European University, Hungary "This book gives a much more nuanced view of women in post-communist labor markets than previous studies. By comparing post-communist countries from Central Europe and the former Soviet Union with West European countries, it shows, for example, that the differences between post-communist countries is often greater than differences between post-communist and West European countries. Case studies of individual post-communist countries also show that it is too simple to claim that women were winners or losers during the transformation process as different groups of women have fared differently." - Steven Saxonberg, Institute of International Relations, Czech Republic, and Dalarna University College, Sweden

• INTRODUCTION TO ANALYSIS OF POSTSOCIALIST LABOUR MARKETS1. Investigating Women's De-Labouring in Post-Socialist European Labour Markets: Research Agenda and Theoretical Challenges; Triin Roosalu; Dirk Hofäcker PART I: FAMILY POLICIES, NORMS AND DISCOURSES2. Family policies in post-socialist welfare states: Where are they located in the European worlds of welfare?; Sonja Blum 3. Experts' argumenting for paternity leave: social democratic and post-socialist frames compared; Triin Roosalu; Marion Pajumets; Leeni Hansson 4. Low second birth rates in Eastern and Southern Europe: interactions between economic uncertainty and norms about parenthood; Jan Van Bavel and Joanna Ró?a?ska-PutekPART II: PARTICIPATION IN THE LABOUR MARKET5. Female Employment in Europe; Ursula Bazant6. Paths and barriers to the labour market: a comparative view of working and homemaking young adult women in Hungary and Romania; Réka Geamba?u7. Parental employment patterns in the Czech Republic: economic rationality or cultural norm?; Lenka Formánková, Blanka Plasová and Ji?í Vyhlídal 8. Gender segregation in post socialist Slovenia: women's experiences in the retail sector; Tatiana Bajuk Sen?ar PART III: COMBINING PARENTHOOD AND PAID WORK9. Maternal Employment in Post-socialist Countries: Understanding the Implications of Childcare Policies; Jana Javornik10. Habits or Frames? – Explaining Patterns in the Division of Paid and Unpaid Work in Germany, Bulgaria, France and Hungary; Jan Rasmus Riebling; Rumiana Stoilova; Dirk Hofäcker11. Childbearing behaviours of employed women in Italy and Poland; Anna Matysiak and Daniele Vignoli12. Maternity Leave – once a Bargain, always a Bargain? Impact of Care Breaks on Mothers' Occupational Mobility: The Case of Estonia; Triin Roosalu; Kadri Täht PART IV: OCCUPATIONAL AND SOCIAL MOBILITY13. Gender Earnings Inequality in Central and Eastern European Countries: The Case of Dual-Earner Couples; Martina Mysíková14. Gender gaps in participation in adult learning: Estonia compared to other European countries; Eve-Liis Roosmaa; Kadri Aavik 15. Differentiated educational pathways and gender inequalities in the Estonian labour market: what is the impact of the systemic change?; Ellu Saar; Jelena Helemäe 16. Polish women for gender equality: leaders of women's movements on problems of female employees; S?awomira Kami?ska-Berezowska