Isabel Bramsen is a Postdoctoral Researcher at the Centre for Resolution of International Conflict (CRIC), University of Copenhagen, Denmark.Poul Poder is Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and the Deputy Director of CRIC (2013–2016). Ole Wæver is a Professor of International Relations at the Department of Political Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and the Founder of the research centres CAST (Centre for Advanced Security Theory) and CRIC.

‘This welcome collection is a significant mile-stone for Conflict Studies. It offers a fresh perspective on a range of conceptual issues and contemporary cases, and in doing so bridges a long-standing gap between critical and mainstream approaches to war and violent conflict in International Relations.’--Oliver Richmond, University of Manchester, UK'The authors brilliantly take us back to basics: how to achieve peace. For the art of conflict transformation the authors vividly demonstrate why we need to understand conflict escalation and continuation. Required reading for all involved in conflict prevention and resolution.'--Tarja Cronberg, SIPRI (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute), Sweden‘This volume reflects the reinvigoration of cutting-edge peace research in Denmark and a new wave of Nordic peace research. By advancing a novel interdisciplinary approach to conflict dynamics, emotion, memory and media, the book breaks new ground in Peace and Conflict Studies.’--Karin Aggestam, Lund University, Sweden

• 1. Introduction: Revitalizing Conflict Studies Ole Wæver & Isabel Bramsen 2. How Conflict Escalation Happens: Three Central Interaction Rituals in Conflict Isabel Bramsen & Poul Poder 3. Escalation or Demobilization? Diverging Dynamics of Conflict Displacement and Violent Repression in Bahrain and Syria Isabel Bramsen 4. Humiliation Dynamics in Conflicts in Our Globalized World Poul Poder 5. Syria: Moral Outrage and the Role of Grassroots Videos in Conflict Escalation Josepha Ivanka Wessels 6. Clergy and Conflict Intensity: The Roles of the Sunni Ulama in the Syrian Conflict Jakob Skovgaard-Petersen 7. Foreign Fighters: Violence and Modern Subjectivity Dietrich Jung 8. Preventing Escalation: The International Pursuit of Conflict Transformation in Burundi Troels Grauslå Engell & Katja Lindskov Jacobsen 9. ‘Nothing is Agreed Until Everything is Agreed’: Institutionalizing Radical Disagreement and Dealing with the Past in Northern Ireland Sara Dybris McQuaid 10. Third Parties, Conflict and Conflict Resolution: The Case of Sudan Bjørn Møller 11. External Incentives and Conflict De-escalation: Negotiating a Settlement to Sudan’s North-South Civil War Nikolas Emmanuel 12. On the Continuation of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Martin Beck 13. Ontological Securty and the Continuation of the Arab-Israeli Conflict Amir Lupovici 14. Holding Out for the Day after Tomorrow: Futurity, Memory and Transitional Justice Evidence in Syria Sune Haugbølle Conclusion Poul Poder & Isabel Bramsen

Isabel Bramsen is a Postdoctoral Researcher at the Centre for Resolution of International Conflict (CRIC), University of Copenhagen, Denmark.Poul Poder is Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and the Deputy Director of CRIC (2013–2016). Ole Wæver is a Professor of International Relations at the Department of Political Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and the Founder of the research centres CAST (Centre for Advanced Security Theory) and CRIC.

‘This welcome collection is a significant mile-stone for Conflict Studies. It offers a fresh perspective on a range of conceptual issues and contemporary cases, and in doing so bridges a long-standing gap between critical and mainstream approaches to war and violent conflict in International Relations.’--Oliver Richmond, University of Manchester, UK'The authors brilliantly take us back to basics: how to achieve peace. For the art of conflict transformation the authors vividly demonstrate why we need to understand conflict escalation and continuation. Required reading for all involved in conflict prevention and resolution.'--Tarja Cronberg, SIPRI (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute), Sweden‘This volume reflects the reinvigoration of cutting-edge peace research in Denmark and a new wave of Nordic peace research. By advancing a novel interdisciplinary approach to conflict dynamics, emotion, memory and media, the book breaks new ground in Peace and Conflict Studies.’--Karin Aggestam, Lund University, Sweden

• 1. Introduction: Revitalizing Conflict Studies Ole Wæver & Isabel Bramsen 2. How Conflict Escalation Happens: Three Central Interaction Rituals in Conflict Isabel Bramsen & Poul Poder 3. Escalation or Demobilization? Diverging Dynamics of Conflict Displacement and Violent Repression in Bahrain and Syria Isabel Bramsen 4. Humiliation Dynamics in Conflicts in Our Globalized World Poul Poder 5. Syria: Moral Outrage and the Role of Grassroots Videos in Conflict Escalation Josepha Ivanka Wessels 6. Clergy and Conflict Intensity: The Roles of the Sunni Ulama in the Syrian Conflict Jakob Skovgaard-Petersen 7. Foreign Fighters: Violence and Modern Subjectivity Dietrich Jung 8. Preventing Escalation: The International Pursuit of Conflict Transformation in Burundi Troels Grauslå Engell & Katja Lindskov Jacobsen 9. ‘Nothing is Agreed Until Everything is Agreed’: Institutionalizing Radical Disagreement and Dealing with the Past in Northern Ireland Sara Dybris McQuaid 10. Third Parties, Conflict and Conflict Resolution: The Case of Sudan Bjørn Møller 11. External Incentives and Conflict De-escalation: Negotiating a Settlement to Sudan’s North-South Civil War Nikolas Emmanuel 12. On the Continuation of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Martin Beck 13. Ontological Securty and the Continuation of the Arab-Israeli Conflict Amir Lupovici 14. Holding Out for the Day after Tomorrow: Futurity, Memory and Transitional Justice Evidence in Syria Sune Haugbølle Conclusion Poul Poder & Isabel Bramsen

Isabel Bramsen is a Postdoctoral Researcher at the Centre for Resolution of International Conflict (CRIC), University of Copenhagen, Denmark.Poul Poder is Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and the Deputy Director of CRIC (2013–2016). Ole Wæver is a Professor of International Relations at the Department of Political Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and the Founder of the research centres CAST (Centre for Advanced Security Theory) and CRIC.

‘This welcome collection is a significant mile-stone for Conflict Studies. It offers a fresh perspective on a range of conceptual issues and contemporary cases, and in doing so bridges a long-standing gap between critical and mainstream approaches to war and violent conflict in International Relations.’--Oliver Richmond, University of Manchester, UK'The authors brilliantly take us back to basics: how to achieve peace. For the art of conflict transformation the authors vividly demonstrate why we need to understand conflict escalation and continuation. Required reading for all involved in conflict prevention and resolution.'--Tarja Cronberg, SIPRI (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute), Sweden‘This volume reflects the reinvigoration of cutting-edge peace research in Denmark and a new wave of Nordic peace research. By advancing a novel interdisciplinary approach to conflict dynamics, emotion, memory and media, the book breaks new ground in Peace and Conflict Studies.’--Karin Aggestam, Lund University, Sweden

• 1. Introduction: Revitalizing Conflict Studies Ole Wæver & Isabel Bramsen 2. How Conflict Escalation Happens: Three Central Interaction Rituals in Conflict Isabel Bramsen & Poul Poder 3. Escalation or Demobilization? Diverging Dynamics of Conflict Displacement and Violent Repression in Bahrain and Syria Isabel Bramsen 4. Humiliation Dynamics in Conflicts in Our Globalized World Poul Poder 5. Syria: Moral Outrage and the Role of Grassroots Videos in Conflict Escalation Josepha Ivanka Wessels 6. Clergy and Conflict Intensity: The Roles of the Sunni Ulama in the Syrian Conflict Jakob Skovgaard-Petersen 7. Foreign Fighters: Violence and Modern Subjectivity Dietrich Jung 8. Preventing Escalation: The International Pursuit of Conflict Transformation in Burundi Troels Grauslå Engell & Katja Lindskov Jacobsen 9. ‘Nothing is Agreed Until Everything is Agreed’: Institutionalizing Radical Disagreement and Dealing with the Past in Northern Ireland Sara Dybris McQuaid 10. Third Parties, Conflict and Conflict Resolution: The Case of Sudan Bjørn Møller 11. External Incentives and Conflict De-escalation: Negotiating a Settlement to Sudan’s North-South Civil War Nikolas Emmanuel 12. On the Continuation of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Martin Beck 13. Ontological Securty and the Continuation of the Arab-Israeli Conflict Amir Lupovici 14. Holding Out for the Day after Tomorrow: Futurity, Memory and Transitional Justice Evidence in Syria Sune Haugbølle Conclusion Poul Poder & Isabel Bramsen