“The creation of the field of psychometrics set out to reduce the uncertainty of measuring human abilities but not to deal with the underlying philosophical problem. Now, in this pioneering rethinking of the fundamental questions involved, Fulcher has finally tackled the basic issues. There can be no question as to the importance of this book.” Bernard Spolsky, Bar-Ilan University, Israel"Fulcher’s philosophical approach to language testing as a profession is both enlightening and thought provoking. It will present a major challenge for language testers in the years to come." Yan Jin, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China

• Preface Inference Measurement Language Numbers Validity Meritocracy Values Epilogue References

“The creation of the field of psychometrics set out to reduce the uncertainty of measuring human abilities but not to deal with the underlying philosophical problem. Now, in this pioneering rethinking of the fundamental questions involved, Fulcher has finally tackled the basic issues. There can be no question as to the importance of this book.” Bernard Spolsky, Bar-Ilan University, Israel"Fulcher’s philosophical approach to language testing as a profession is both enlightening and thought provoking. It will present a major challenge for language testers in the years to come." Yan Jin, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China

• Preface Inference Measurement Language Numbers Validity Meritocracy Values Epilogue References

“The creation of the field of psychometrics set out to reduce the uncertainty of measuring human abilities but not to deal with the underlying philosophical problem. Now, in this pioneering rethinking of the fundamental questions involved, Fulcher has finally tackled the basic issues. There can be no question as to the importance of this book.” Bernard Spolsky, Bar-Ilan University, Israel"Fulcher’s philosophical approach to language testing as a profession is both enlightening and thought provoking. It will present a major challenge for language testers in the years to come." Yan Jin, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China

• Preface Inference Measurement Language Numbers Validity Meritocracy Values Epilogue References