Evanson Chege Kamau is Senior Researcher in the Research Centre for European Environmental Law (FEU) at the University of Bremen, Germany. Gerd Winter is Co-Director of the Research Centre for European Environmental Law (FEU) at the University of Bremen, Germany. Peter-Tobias Stoll is Professor of Public International Law in the Institute for International Law and European Law, Department for International Economic Law and Environmental Law, at the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany.

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• Introduction: 1. Spurring research and development under ABS conditions Part 1 International Legal Framework 2. Defining commercial and non-commercial Research and Development under the Nagoya Protocol and in other contexts 3. Research and Development under the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol 4. Harmonising ABS conditions under the CBD/NP and UNCLOS regimes. The case of marine microorganisms Part 2 Exemplary National Legal Frameworks 5. Research on genetic resources in the framework of the Brazilian ABS law 6. Research on genetic resources in the framework of the Indonesian ABS law 7. Research on genetic resources and indigenous knowledge in the framework of the Kenyan ABS law: Experiences and opportunities 8. Research on genetic resources in the framework of the Ethiopian ABS law 9. Research on genetic resources in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC): Perspectives for facilitated access 10. Research on genetic resources in the framework of the Ecuadorian ABS law Part 3 Experiences of Research Projects for Non-commercial Purposes with ABS 11. Experiences in international ecological/biological research 12. Experiences in accessing biological resources for non-commercial research: Results of an informal survey in Switzerland 13. Local scientist’s experience with authorisation process in Kenya: Need for facilitation 14. Researcher’s experiences in ecosystem research: A case study of Indonesia Part 4 Good Practice and Legislative Options 15. Ex situ collections of plants and how they adjust to ABS conditions 16. Ex situ collections of microbes and how they adjust to ABS conditions 17. Biodiversity knowledge commons and sharing of research results with providers in East Africa 18. Model agreements on ABS for non-commercial research and development 19. Guidelines for funding of non-commercial research and development 20. Points to consider for national legislation on ABS Part 5 Synthesis and conclusions 21. Public domain R&D in the context of ABS. A case for facilitated access? Synthesis and conclusions Appendix: Model access agreement for marine microbial resources: Text and commentary

Evanson Chege Kamau is Senior Researcher in the Research Centre for European Environmental Law (FEU) at the University of Bremen, Germany. Gerd Winter is Co-Director of the Research Centre for European Environmental Law (FEU) at the University of Bremen, Germany. Peter-Tobias Stoll is Professor of Public International Law in the Institute for International Law and European Law, Department for International Economic Law and Environmental Law, at the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany.

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• Introduction: 1. Spurring research and development under ABS conditions Part 1 International Legal Framework 2. Defining commercial and non-commercial Research and Development under the Nagoya Protocol and in other contexts 3. Research and Development under the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol 4. Harmonising ABS conditions under the CBD/NP and UNCLOS regimes. The case of marine microorganisms Part 2 Exemplary National Legal Frameworks 5. Research on genetic resources in the framework of the Brazilian ABS law 6. Research on genetic resources in the framework of the Indonesian ABS law 7. Research on genetic resources and indigenous knowledge in the framework of the Kenyan ABS law: Experiences and opportunities 8. Research on genetic resources in the framework of the Ethiopian ABS law 9. Research on genetic resources in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC): Perspectives for facilitated access 10. Research on genetic resources in the framework of the Ecuadorian ABS law Part 3 Experiences of Research Projects for Non-commercial Purposes with ABS 11. Experiences in international ecological/biological research 12. Experiences in accessing biological resources for non-commercial research: Results of an informal survey in Switzerland 13. Local scientist’s experience with authorisation process in Kenya: Need for facilitation 14. Researcher’s experiences in ecosystem research: A case study of Indonesia Part 4 Good Practice and Legislative Options 15. Ex situ collections of plants and how they adjust to ABS conditions 16. Ex situ collections of microbes and how they adjust to ABS conditions 17. Biodiversity knowledge commons and sharing of research results with providers in East Africa 18. Model agreements on ABS for non-commercial research and development 19. Guidelines for funding of non-commercial research and development 20. Points to consider for national legislation on ABS Part 5 Synthesis and conclusions 21. Public domain R&D in the context of ABS. A case for facilitated access? Synthesis and conclusions Appendix: Model access agreement for marine microbial resources: Text and commentary

Evanson Chege Kamau is Senior Researcher in the Research Centre for European Environmental Law (FEU) at the University of Bremen, Germany. Gerd Winter is Co-Director of the Research Centre for European Environmental Law (FEU) at the University of Bremen, Germany. Peter-Tobias Stoll is Professor of Public International Law in the Institute for International Law and European Law, Department for International Economic Law and Environmental Law, at the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany.

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• Introduction: 1. Spurring research and development under ABS conditions Part 1 International Legal Framework 2. Defining commercial and non-commercial Research and Development under the Nagoya Protocol and in other contexts 3. Research and Development under the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol 4. Harmonising ABS conditions under the CBD/NP and UNCLOS regimes. The case of marine microorganisms Part 2 Exemplary National Legal Frameworks 5. Research on genetic resources in the framework of the Brazilian ABS law 6. Research on genetic resources in the framework of the Indonesian ABS law 7. Research on genetic resources and indigenous knowledge in the framework of the Kenyan ABS law: Experiences and opportunities 8. Research on genetic resources in the framework of the Ethiopian ABS law 9. Research on genetic resources in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC): Perspectives for facilitated access 10. Research on genetic resources in the framework of the Ecuadorian ABS law Part 3 Experiences of Research Projects for Non-commercial Purposes with ABS 11. Experiences in international ecological/biological research 12. Experiences in accessing biological resources for non-commercial research: Results of an informal survey in Switzerland 13. Local scientist’s experience with authorisation process in Kenya: Need for facilitation 14. Researcher’s experiences in ecosystem research: A case study of Indonesia Part 4 Good Practice and Legislative Options 15. Ex situ collections of plants and how they adjust to ABS conditions 16. Ex situ collections of microbes and how they adjust to ABS conditions 17. Biodiversity knowledge commons and sharing of research results with providers in East Africa 18. Model agreements on ABS for non-commercial research and development 19. Guidelines for funding of non-commercial research and development 20. Points to consider for national legislation on ABS Part 5 Synthesis and conclusions 21. Public domain R&D in the context of ABS. A case for facilitated access? Synthesis and conclusions Appendix: Model access agreement for marine microbial resources: Text and commentary