Paul Robertson has lived on Pine Ridge Indian Reservation since 1980. He is the current Chair of the Human Development and Social Justice Department at Oglala Lakota College.

"This work offers the fullest in-depth socioeconomic history of Pine Ridge published to date and makes a valuable contribution to the literature on 20th-century American Indian history. Its strength lies in the integration of oral history and the author's own interview material with the written record. Highly recommended for academic libraries at every level." -- D.R. Parlks, Indiana University- Bloomington, for CHOICE"Paul Robertson brings to this book two strong credentials: meticulous archival research and two decades of experience living and teaching on the Pine Ridg Reservation. He documents more thoroughly than any previous author the processes and consequences of colonialism for the Oglalas and present s a convincing case for the total failure of the BIA even to attempt to fulfill its trust responsibilities." -- Western Historical Quarterly"Robertson documents more thoroughly than any previous author the processes and consequences of colonialism for the Oglalas, and presents a convincing case for the total failure of the BIA even to attempt to fulfill its trust responsibilities. The indictment of BIA policies and practices makes this volume a particularly valuable case study." -- Raymond J. DeMallie, Indiana University

• Preface and Acknowledgements List of Maps and Plates List of Tables and Figures Chapter 1: Makoce Ta Wowasake : The Power of the Land Chapter 2: Roots of Ethnic Difference Chapter 3: Cattle, Grass, and Ethnic Conflict at the Grassroots Chapter 4: The Oglala Omniciye and the Struggle for the Land Chapter 5: Doing Their Patriotic Duty: The World War I Takeover of Oglala Lands Chapter 6: Representative Democracy and the Politics of Exclusion Chapter 7: Land and Power in the Era of the IRA Chapter 8: A Nation in Crisis, Poised for Change Abbreviations Used in Footnotes References Cited

Paul Robertson has lived on Pine Ridge Indian Reservation since 1980. He is the current Chair of the Human Development and Social Justice Department at Oglala Lakota College.

"This work offers the fullest in-depth socioeconomic history of Pine Ridge published to date and makes a valuable contribution to the literature on 20th-century American Indian history. Its strength lies in the integration of oral history and the author's own interview material with the written record. Highly recommended for academic libraries at every level." -- D.R. Parlks, Indiana University- Bloomington, for CHOICE"Paul Robertson brings to this book two strong credentials: meticulous archival research and two decades of experience living and teaching on the Pine Ridg Reservation. He documents more thoroughly than any previous author the processes and consequences of colonialism for the Oglalas and present s a convincing case for the total failure of the BIA even to attempt to fulfill its trust responsibilities." -- Western Historical Quarterly"Robertson documents more thoroughly than any previous author the processes and consequences of colonialism for the Oglalas, and presents a convincing case for the total failure of the BIA even to attempt to fulfill its trust responsibilities. The indictment of BIA policies and practices makes this volume a particularly valuable case study." -- Raymond J. DeMallie, Indiana University

• Preface and Acknowledgements List of Maps and Plates List of Tables and Figures Chapter 1: Makoce Ta Wowasake : The Power of the Land Chapter 2: Roots of Ethnic Difference Chapter 3: Cattle, Grass, and Ethnic Conflict at the Grassroots Chapter 4: The Oglala Omniciye and the Struggle for the Land Chapter 5: Doing Their Patriotic Duty: The World War I Takeover of Oglala Lands Chapter 6: Representative Democracy and the Politics of Exclusion Chapter 7: Land and Power in the Era of the IRA Chapter 8: A Nation in Crisis, Poised for Change Abbreviations Used in Footnotes References Cited