FRANCESCA BARGIELA-CHIAPPINI University of Nottingham Trent, UK LIM KIM HUI Research Fellow at the Institute of Occidental Studies in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia ONG PUAY LIU Deputy Director of the Institute of Ethnic Studies (KITA), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia AHMAD MURAD MERICAN Professor of Humanities at the Department of Management and Humanities, Ahmad Murad Merican is a professor of Humanities at the Department of Management and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia SUZANNE NEWCOMBE, Research Officer at Inform, UK SHAMALA PARAMASIVAM Senior Lecturer at the University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia BROMELEY PHILIP Senior Lecturer at the Academy of Language Studies, MARA University of Technology, Malaysia JEAN-PIERRE POULAIN is Senior Research Fellow at Toulouse University, France MOHAMMAD TAJUDDIN BIN HAJI MOHAMAD RASDI Professor at the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia A.B. SHAMSUL Professor of Social Anthropology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia HIROMASA TANAKA Professor at Meisei University, Japan.

'This collection of chapters critically interrogates Orientalism by repositioning the 'gaze of the West' from perspectives of the East; drawing from Asia's rich legacy and its experience of Westernization, the chapters are crafted with a distinct 'voice' offering insights and thought-provoking ideas particularly for students and researchers in postcolonial studies.' - Abdul Rahman Embong, Emeritus Professor in Sociology of Development, Institute of Malaysian and International Studies (IKMAS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

• Foreword Acknowledgements PART I: SIGHTING THE TERRAIN Introduction; S.Nair-Venugopal PART II: NEGOTIATING TERRITORY Defining Parameters: Boundaries and borders; S.Nair-Venugopal Beyond boundedness: Imagining the postcolonial dislocation; Ahmad Murad Merican Easternisation: Encroachments in the West; S.Nair-Venugopal & Kim-Hui, Lim PART III: THE GAZE OF THE WEST Representations of Philosophy: The Western Gaze Observed; Ahmad Murad Merican Framings of the East: Rebranding Beliefs and Religions; Kim-Hui, Lim When Knowledge Invents Boundaries: From Colonial Knowledge to Multiculturalism; Shamsul AB Historical Narratives of the Colonised: The Noble Savage of Sarawak; B.Philip The Mutual Gaze: Japan, the West and Management Training; F.Bargiela-Chiappini & H.Tanaka Indian Collectivism revisited: Unpacking the Western Gaze; S.Paramasivam & S.Nair-Venugopal Framings of the East: The Case of Borneo and the Rungus Community; Puay-Liu, Ong Interpreting Mosque Architecture in the 20th century: Trapped between Two Worlds; Mohamad Tajuddin Global Hybrids? 'Eastern Traditions' of Health and Wellness in the West; S.Newcombe The Sociology of Gastronomic Decolonisation; J.Poulain PART IV: OBSERVATIONS Conclusion Index

FRANCESCA BARGIELA-CHIAPPINI University of Nottingham Trent, UK LIM KIM HUI Research Fellow at the Institute of Occidental Studies in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia ONG PUAY LIU Deputy Director of the Institute of Ethnic Studies (KITA), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia AHMAD MURAD MERICAN Professor of Humanities at the Department of Management and Humanities, Ahmad Murad Merican is a professor of Humanities at the Department of Management and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia SUZANNE NEWCOMBE, Research Officer at Inform, UK SHAMALA PARAMASIVAM Senior Lecturer at the University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia BROMELEY PHILIP Senior Lecturer at the Academy of Language Studies, MARA University of Technology, Malaysia JEAN-PIERRE POULAIN is Senior Research Fellow at Toulouse University, France MOHAMMAD TAJUDDIN BIN HAJI MOHAMAD RASDI Professor at the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia A.B. SHAMSUL Professor of Social Anthropology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia HIROMASA TANAKA Professor at Meisei University, Japan.

'This collection of chapters critically interrogates Orientalism by repositioning the 'gaze of the West' from perspectives of the East; drawing from Asia's rich legacy and its experience of Westernization, the chapters are crafted with a distinct 'voice' offering insights and thought-provoking ideas particularly for students and researchers in postcolonial studies.' - Abdul Rahman Embong, Emeritus Professor in Sociology of Development, Institute of Malaysian and International Studies (IKMAS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

• Foreword Acknowledgements PART I: SIGHTING THE TERRAIN Introduction; S.Nair-Venugopal PART II: NEGOTIATING TERRITORY Defining Parameters: Boundaries and borders; S.Nair-Venugopal Beyond boundedness: Imagining the postcolonial dislocation; Ahmad Murad Merican Easternisation: Encroachments in the West; S.Nair-Venugopal & Kim-Hui, Lim PART III: THE GAZE OF THE WEST Representations of Philosophy: The Western Gaze Observed; Ahmad Murad Merican Framings of the East: Rebranding Beliefs and Religions; Kim-Hui, Lim When Knowledge Invents Boundaries: From Colonial Knowledge to Multiculturalism; Shamsul AB Historical Narratives of the Colonised: The Noble Savage of Sarawak; B.Philip The Mutual Gaze: Japan, the West and Management Training; F.Bargiela-Chiappini & H.Tanaka Indian Collectivism revisited: Unpacking the Western Gaze; S.Paramasivam & S.Nair-Venugopal Framings of the East: The Case of Borneo and the Rungus Community; Puay-Liu, Ong Interpreting Mosque Architecture in the 20th century: Trapped between Two Worlds; Mohamad Tajuddin Global Hybrids? 'Eastern Traditions' of Health and Wellness in the West; S.Newcombe The Sociology of Gastronomic Decolonisation; J.Poulain PART IV: OBSERVATIONS Conclusion Index

FRANCESCA BARGIELA-CHIAPPINI University of Nottingham Trent, UK LIM KIM HUI Research Fellow at the Institute of Occidental Studies in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia ONG PUAY LIU Deputy Director of the Institute of Ethnic Studies (KITA), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia AHMAD MURAD MERICAN Professor of Humanities at the Department of Management and Humanities, Ahmad Murad Merican is a professor of Humanities at the Department of Management and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia SUZANNE NEWCOMBE, Research Officer at Inform, UK SHAMALA PARAMASIVAM Senior Lecturer at the University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia BROMELEY PHILIP Senior Lecturer at the Academy of Language Studies, MARA University of Technology, Malaysia JEAN-PIERRE POULAIN is Senior Research Fellow at Toulouse University, France MOHAMMAD TAJUDDIN BIN HAJI MOHAMAD RASDI Professor at the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia A.B. SHAMSUL Professor of Social Anthropology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia HIROMASA TANAKA Professor at Meisei University, Japan.

'This collection of chapters critically interrogates Orientalism by repositioning the 'gaze of the West' from perspectives of the East; drawing from Asia's rich legacy and its experience of Westernization, the chapters are crafted with a distinct 'voice' offering insights and thought-provoking ideas particularly for students and researchers in postcolonial studies.' - Abdul Rahman Embong, Emeritus Professor in Sociology of Development, Institute of Malaysian and International Studies (IKMAS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

• Foreword Acknowledgements PART I: SIGHTING THE TERRAIN Introduction; S.Nair-Venugopal PART II: NEGOTIATING TERRITORY Defining Parameters: Boundaries and borders; S.Nair-Venugopal Beyond boundedness: Imagining the postcolonial dislocation; Ahmad Murad Merican Easternisation: Encroachments in the West; S.Nair-Venugopal & Kim-Hui, Lim PART III: THE GAZE OF THE WEST Representations of Philosophy: The Western Gaze Observed; Ahmad Murad Merican Framings of the East: Rebranding Beliefs and Religions; Kim-Hui, Lim When Knowledge Invents Boundaries: From Colonial Knowledge to Multiculturalism; Shamsul AB Historical Narratives of the Colonised: The Noble Savage of Sarawak; B.Philip The Mutual Gaze: Japan, the West and Management Training; F.Bargiela-Chiappini & H.Tanaka Indian Collectivism revisited: Unpacking the Western Gaze; S.Paramasivam & S.Nair-Venugopal Framings of the East: The Case of Borneo and the Rungus Community; Puay-Liu, Ong Interpreting Mosque Architecture in the 20th century: Trapped between Two Worlds; Mohamad Tajuddin Global Hybrids? 'Eastern Traditions' of Health and Wellness in the West; S.Newcombe The Sociology of Gastronomic Decolonisation; J.Poulain PART IV: OBSERVATIONS Conclusion Index