BRIAN JACOBS is Reader in Public Policy at Staffordshire University. He is the author of Black Politics and Urban Crisis in Britain, Racism in Britain and Fractured Cities: Capitalism, Empowerment and Community in Britain and America.

• List of Figures List of Maps Culture and Change Strategy, Partnership, and Contingency Strategy and the Competitive Environment Strategy and Partnership in the Pittsburgh Urban Region Pittsburgh: Partnership and Community Empowerment Birmingham: Strategy and Partnership in the West Midlands Birmingham: Partnership and Community Rotterdam Scenarios Rotterdam: Partnership and Community Evaluation Index

BRIAN JACOBS is Reader in Public Policy at Staffordshire University. He is the author of Black Politics and Urban Crisis in Britain, Racism in Britain and Fractured Cities: Capitalism, Empowerment and Community in Britain and America.

• List of Figures List of Maps Culture and Change Strategy, Partnership, and Contingency Strategy and the Competitive Environment Strategy and Partnership in the Pittsburgh Urban Region Pittsburgh: Partnership and Community Empowerment Birmingham: Strategy and Partnership in the West Midlands Birmingham: Partnership and Community Rotterdam Scenarios Rotterdam: Partnership and Community Evaluation Index

BRIAN JACOBS is Reader in Public Policy at Staffordshire University. He is the author of Black Politics and Urban Crisis in Britain, Racism in Britain and Fractured Cities: Capitalism, Empowerment and Community in Britain and America.

• List of Figures List of Maps Culture and Change Strategy, Partnership, and Contingency Strategy and the Competitive Environment Strategy and Partnership in the Pittsburgh Urban Region Pittsburgh: Partnership and Community Empowerment Birmingham: Strategy and Partnership in the West Midlands Birmingham: Partnership and Community Rotterdam Scenarios Rotterdam: Partnership and Community Evaluation Index