Rui Lopes is a Researcher at the Instituto de História Contemporânea, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal. He holds a PhD from the London School of Economics and Political Science, having taught there as well as at Goldsmiths, University of London, UK.

“This is an important contribution to a developing area of Portugal’s contemporary international history. … it provides an accessible as well as a carefully and convincingly argued account of an important European relationship at a key period for each of the states involved.” (Norrie MacQueen, Diplomacy & Statecraft, Vol. 27 (1), 2016)

• Introduction 1. The International Front: An 'Insult to Africa' and Other Offences 2. The Domestic Front: Facing the 'Tribunal' 3. The Economic Front: From Aussenwirtschaft to Aussenpolitik 4. The Military Front: The Price of 'Germanic Greatness' 5. The Diplomatic Front: Trapped by the 'Typical Dilemma' 6. The Parallel Front: Either Weapons or Coffins

Rui Lopes is a Researcher at the Instituto de História Contemporânea, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal. He holds a PhD from the London School of Economics and Political Science, having taught there as well as at Goldsmiths, University of London, UK.

“This is an important contribution to a developing area of Portugal’s contemporary international history. … it provides an accessible as well as a carefully and convincingly argued account of an important European relationship at a key period for each of the states involved.” (Norrie MacQueen, Diplomacy & Statecraft, Vol. 27 (1), 2016)

• Introduction 1. The International Front: An 'Insult to Africa' and Other Offences 2. The Domestic Front: Facing the 'Tribunal' 3. The Economic Front: From Aussenwirtschaft to Aussenpolitik 4. The Military Front: The Price of 'Germanic Greatness' 5. The Diplomatic Front: Trapped by the 'Typical Dilemma' 6. The Parallel Front: Either Weapons or Coffins

Rui Lopes is a Researcher at the Instituto de História Contemporânea, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal. He holds a PhD from the London School of Economics and Political Science, having taught there as well as at Goldsmiths, University of London, UK.

“This is an important contribution to a developing area of Portugal’s contemporary international history. … it provides an accessible as well as a carefully and convincingly argued account of an important European relationship at a key period for each of the states involved.” (Norrie MacQueen, Diplomacy & Statecraft, Vol. 27 (1), 2016)

• Introduction 1. The International Front: An 'Insult to Africa' and Other Offences 2. The Domestic Front: Facing the 'Tribunal' 3. The Economic Front: From Aussenwirtschaft to Aussenpolitik 4. The Military Front: The Price of 'Germanic Greatness' 5. The Diplomatic Front: Trapped by the 'Typical Dilemma' 6. The Parallel Front: Either Weapons or Coffins