Sebastian Huhn is Researcher and Lecturer at Osnabrueck University, Germany. His research focusses on Central American history, violence and crime in Central America and the Global South, and national identity, migration, and youth violence. His publications include several books and articles in English, Spanish, and German.Hannes Warnecke-Berger is Junior Researcher at the Special Research Council 1199 at the University of Leipzig, Germany. His research touches on the political economy of development and focuses on violence in the Global South. He has conducted extensive field research in El Salvador, Belize, and Jamaica.

“On the whole, the volume offers insights and interpretations from which scholars who study violence and Central America will benefit.” (David Carey, Jr., Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, clcjbooks.rutgers.edu, October, 2017)

• 1. The Enigma of Violent Realities in Central America: Towards a Historical Perspective .- 2. How to Explain and How Not to Explain Contemporary Criminal Violence in Central America .- 3. Of pandillas, pirucas, and Pablo Escobar in the barrio: Historical change and continuity in patterns of Nicaraguan gang violence .- 4. Memories of Violence in the Salvadoran Civil War: Comparing the Memoirs of Civilian Elites and Former Military Officers .- 5. Questioning the Crime Wave: On the Rise of Punitive Populism in Central America since the 1950s .- 6. The Salvadoran Armed Left and Revolutionary Violence (1970 – 1980) .- 7. On Collective Violence in Nineteenth-Century Guatemala .- 8. Borderlands and Public Violence in a Shadow Polity: Costa Ricans, Nicaraguans and the Legacy of the Central American Federation .- 9. Forms of Violence in Past and Present: El Salvador and Belize in Comparative Perspective .- 10. The Violence of Dispossession: Guatemala in the 19th and 20th Centuries.

Sebastian Huhn is Researcher and Lecturer at Osnabrueck University, Germany. His research focusses on Central American history, violence and crime in Central America and the Global South, and national identity, migration, and youth violence. His publications include several books and articles in English, Spanish, and German.Hannes Warnecke-Berger is Junior Researcher at the Special Research Council 1199 at the University of Leipzig, Germany. His research touches on the political economy of development and focuses on violence in the Global South. He has conducted extensive field research in El Salvador, Belize, and Jamaica.

“On the whole, the volume offers insights and interpretations from which scholars who study violence and Central America will benefit.” (David Carey, Jr., Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, clcjbooks.rutgers.edu, October, 2017)

• 1. The Enigma of Violent Realities in Central America: Towards a Historical Perspective .- 2. How to Explain and How Not to Explain Contemporary Criminal Violence in Central America .- 3. Of pandillas, pirucas, and Pablo Escobar in the barrio: Historical change and continuity in patterns of Nicaraguan gang violence .- 4. Memories of Violence in the Salvadoran Civil War: Comparing the Memoirs of Civilian Elites and Former Military Officers .- 5. Questioning the Crime Wave: On the Rise of Punitive Populism in Central America since the 1950s .- 6. The Salvadoran Armed Left and Revolutionary Violence (1970 – 1980) .- 7. On Collective Violence in Nineteenth-Century Guatemala .- 8. Borderlands and Public Violence in a Shadow Polity: Costa Ricans, Nicaraguans and the Legacy of the Central American Federation .- 9. Forms of Violence in Past and Present: El Salvador and Belize in Comparative Perspective .- 10. The Violence of Dispossession: Guatemala in the 19th and 20th Centuries.

Sebastian Huhn is Researcher and Lecturer at Osnabrueck University, Germany. His research focusses on Central American history, violence and crime in Central America and the Global South, and national identity, migration, and youth violence. His publications include several books and articles in English, Spanish, and German.Hannes Warnecke-Berger is Junior Researcher at the Special Research Council 1199 at the University of Leipzig, Germany. His research touches on the political economy of development and focuses on violence in the Global South. He has conducted extensive field research in El Salvador, Belize, and Jamaica.

“On the whole, the volume offers insights and interpretations from which scholars who study violence and Central America will benefit.” (David Carey, Jr., Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, clcjbooks.rutgers.edu, October, 2017)

• 1. The Enigma of Violent Realities in Central America: Towards a Historical Perspective .- 2. How to Explain and How Not to Explain Contemporary Criminal Violence in Central America .- 3. Of pandillas, pirucas, and Pablo Escobar in the barrio: Historical change and continuity in patterns of Nicaraguan gang violence .- 4. Memories of Violence in the Salvadoran Civil War: Comparing the Memoirs of Civilian Elites and Former Military Officers .- 5. Questioning the Crime Wave: On the Rise of Punitive Populism in Central America since the 1950s .- 6. The Salvadoran Armed Left and Revolutionary Violence (1970 – 1980) .- 7. On Collective Violence in Nineteenth-Century Guatemala .- 8. Borderlands and Public Violence in a Shadow Polity: Costa Ricans, Nicaraguans and the Legacy of the Central American Federation .- 9. Forms of Violence in Past and Present: El Salvador and Belize in Comparative Perspective .- 10. The Violence of Dispossession: Guatemala in the 19th and 20th Centuries.