Jonathan Riley-Smith was Emeritus Dixie Professor of Ecclesiastical History at the University of Cambridge, UK. His many publications on the Crusades include What Were the Crusades? (2009), The Crusades, Christianity and Islam (2008) and The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading (1986).Susanna A. Throop was Professor and Department Chair of History at Ursinus College, USA. She is the author of The Crusades: An Epitome (2018) and Crusading as an Act of Vengeance, 1095-1216 (2011). She is also the co-editor of The Crusades and Visual Culture (2015) and Vengeance in the Middle Ages (2010).

The Crusades remains the ‘go-to’ text for anyone interested in the history of the crusades. This wide-ranging and engaging updated edition is grounded in the superlative scholarship of Susanna Throop and the late Jonathan Riley-Smith, and offers new insights into the nature, practice and memory of holy war. A classic.

• List of FiguresList of MapsLists of Text BoxesNote on Names and TerminologyPreface to the 4th EditionAcknowledgementsIntroduction1. Studying the History of the Crusades 2. The Emergence of the First Crusade 3. The First Crusade 4. The Early Crusader States, 1099-1150 5. Diversification, 1099-1150 6. Development, 1150-1198 7. Intensification, 1198-1240 8. Institutionalization, 1198-1240 9. Ambitions and Rebellions, 1240-1300 10. Reimagined, 1300-1370 11. Reconfigured, 1370-1520 12. Persistent, 1520-1750 13. Legacies, 1750 to the 21st Century Afterword Chronology NotesFurther Reading Index

Jonathan Riley-Smith was Emeritus Dixie Professor of Ecclesiastical History at the University of Cambridge, UK. His many publications on the Crusades include What Were the Crusades? (2009), The Crusades, Christianity and Islam (2008) and The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading (1986).Susanna A. Throop was Professor and Department Chair of History at Ursinus College, USA. She is the author of The Crusades: An Epitome (2018) and Crusading as an Act of Vengeance, 1095-1216 (2011). She is also the co-editor of The Crusades and Visual Culture (2015) and Vengeance in the Middle Ages (2010).

The Crusades remains the ‘go-to’ text for anyone interested in the history of the crusades. This wide-ranging and engaging updated edition is grounded in the superlative scholarship of Susanna Throop and the late Jonathan Riley-Smith, and offers new insights into the nature, practice and memory of holy war. A classic.

• List of FiguresList of MapsLists of Text BoxesNote on Names and TerminologyPreface to the 4th EditionAcknowledgementsIntroduction1. Studying the History of the Crusades 2. The Emergence of the First Crusade 3. The First Crusade 4. The Early Crusader States, 1099-1150 5. Diversification, 1099-1150 6. Development, 1150-1198 7. Intensification, 1198-1240 8. Institutionalization, 1198-1240 9. Ambitions and Rebellions, 1240-1300 10. Reimagined, 1300-1370 11. Reconfigured, 1370-1520 12. Persistent, 1520-1750 13. Legacies, 1750 to the 21st Century Afterword Chronology NotesFurther Reading Index

Jonathan Riley-Smith was Emeritus Dixie Professor of Ecclesiastical History at the University of Cambridge, UK. His many publications on the Crusades include What Were the Crusades? (2009), The Crusades, Christianity and Islam (2008) and The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading (1986).Susanna A. Throop was Professor and Department Chair of History at Ursinus College, USA. She is the author of The Crusades: An Epitome (2018) and Crusading as an Act of Vengeance, 1095-1216 (2011). She is also the co-editor of The Crusades and Visual Culture (2015) and Vengeance in the Middle Ages (2010).

The Crusades remains the ‘go-to’ text for anyone interested in the history of the crusades. This wide-ranging and engaging updated edition is grounded in the superlative scholarship of Susanna Throop and the late Jonathan Riley-Smith, and offers new insights into the nature, practice and memory of holy war. A classic.

• List of FiguresList of MapsLists of Text BoxesNote on Names and TerminologyPreface to the 4th EditionAcknowledgementsIntroduction1. Studying the History of the Crusades 2. The Emergence of the First Crusade 3. The First Crusade 4. The Early Crusader States, 1099-1150 5. Diversification, 1099-1150 6. Development, 1150-1198 7. Intensification, 1198-1240 8. Institutionalization, 1198-1240 9. Ambitions and Rebellions, 1240-1300 10. Reimagined, 1300-1370 11. Reconfigured, 1370-1520 12. Persistent, 1520-1750 13. Legacies, 1750 to the 21st Century Afterword Chronology NotesFurther Reading Index