Manja Klemencicis Associate Senior Lecturer on Sociology and General Education in the Department of Sociology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, USA and Visiting Professor of Higher Education at Faculty of Education, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. She is Co-Editor of the book series Understanding Student Experiences in Higher Education (Bloomsbury), Co-Editor of Higher Education Dynamics and Joint Editor-in-Chief of the European Journal of Higher Education.

Student politics and student representation have fallen out of fashion in higher education studies,partly due to a strong focus of recent work on higher education leadership and management. The book thus fills a gap in an under-researched area of the study of higher education, of national politics and organizational governance in higher education. It has a truly global outreach and comparative perspective that will attract researchers, students, practitioners, and policy makers around the globe. It has been very competently compiled and has been written by leading scholars in the field and student leaders providing a unique perspective.

• Foreword, Hector Enoc Ulloa Chinchilla (SAIH, Norway)AcknowledgmentsIntroduction, Manja Klemencic (Harvard University, USA)Part I: Key Concepts in the Study of Student Politics and Representation in Higher Education1. Key Concepts in the Study of Student Politics and Representation in Higher Education, Manja Klemencic (Harvard University, USA)Part II Empirical Research on Student Politics and Representation in Higher EducationA. Transnational Representative Student Associations2. The All-Africa Students Union (AASU) in Perspective: the Trajectory of the Continental Student Movement, from 1972 to 2022, Peter Kwasi Kodjie, Elorm Mawuli-Kwawu, Awurama Safowaa Kyei-Baffour, Abdul Karim Ibrahim, Bismark Amefianu Kudoafor and Rexford Akrong (All-African Students Union)3. The Commonwealth Students’ Association: Journey of A Newly Established Multi-Regional Student Organization, Musarrat Maisha Reza (University of Exeter, UK), (Commonwealth Students’ Association) and Eileen Goh (Commonwealth Students’ Association)4. The European Students’ Union: the adaptive nature of a European interest organization, Martina Darmanin, Jakub Grodecki, Martin Hammerbauer, Kristel Jakobson and Matteo Vespa (European Students’ Union)5. The Emergence of the Global Student Forum and Prospects for Increased Student Participation Within the International Education Polity, Sebastian Berger, Giuseppe Lipari, Georgia Potton and Carmen Romero (Global Student Forum)6. A Regional Student Movement in Latin and South America: The Organización Continental Latinoamericana y Caribeña de Estudiantes—OCLAE (Latin American and Caribbean Continental Student Organization), Bianca Borges dos Santos, Giuseppe Lipari and Carmen Romero (Global Student Forum)B. Student Politics and Representation in Africa 7. Student Politics in Africa in the Twenty-First Century, Thierry M. Luescher (Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa and the University of the Free State, South Africa)8. Student Representation in Higher Education Governance in (English-Speaking) Cameroon: The Politics, Challenges and Way forward, Emmanuel Shu Ngwa (University of Bamenda, Cameroon) and Novel Lena Folabit (University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa)9. Influence of Political Parties on National Union of Ghana Students: A Study of Contemporary Trends, Samuel Sasu Adonteng, James Kodjie, Emmanuel Nuvi Junior, Contributing Author — Georgia Potton (All-Africa Students Union)10. Students’ Power and How It Has Changed in Kenya, Mary Adhiambo Ojwang (University of Nairobi, Kenya)C. Student Politics and Representation in Asia, the Gulf States and the Pacific 11. Contemporary Student Representation and Organization in Southeast Asia, Claryce Jiawen Lum (Independent Researcher)12. Aotearoa New Zealand: Exploring Myths of Egalitarianism in Student Organizations, Ellen R. Dixon, Nkhaya Paulsen-More and Liam Davies (New Zealand Union of Students’ Associations (NZUSA)13. Student Representation in China’s Higher Education, Fan Li (Huazhong Agricultural University, China and Wageningen University, the Netherlands), Panpan Yao (Changsha University of Science and Technology, China), and Wei Huang (Changsha University of Science and Technology, China)14. Student Elections as Political Festivals: Understanding Party Identification in an Indian Campus, Jean-Thomas Martelli (Stanford University, USA)15. The Omani Model of Student Representation in Higher Education, Faisal Al Balushi (Cardiff University, UK)16. History of Student Representation in Pakistan and Future Prospects for a New Kind of Student Union, Muhammad Arfan (National Students Federation Pakistan) and Muhammad Usman (North Dakota State University, USA)17. Singapore: The Metamorphosis of Student Unions, Musarrat Maisha Reza (University of Exeter, UK) and Eileen Goh Y.L (Commonwealth Students’ Association)18. Finding a Way Forward amidst the Contemporary Challenges to Sri Lankan StudentPolitics, W. Sachinda Dulanjana (Sri Lanka Law Student Union)D. Student Politics and Representation in the Caribbean, Latin America and North America 19. The Construction of a Political Actor in a Post-Dictatorship and Neoliberal Context: Persistence, Success, and Challenges of the Chilean Student Movement (1990–2020), Cristián Bellei (Universidad de Chile, Chile) and Cristóbal Villalobos (Chilean Catholic University, Chile)20. The Role of CONFECH in the Fight for Education in Chile, Carla Trigo Argomedo , Javiera Aymara Molina Barboza, Nicolás Javier Carrancio Fuentes, Maria Josefa Guzmán, Giuseppe Lipari, Cresente Cristóbal Lizarbe Luna , Josefa Javiera González Palma and Igor Gonçalves Pereira (CONFECH, Chile)21. Colombian Student Movement: A Force for Dialogue and Struggle in Colombian Politics, Amanda Harumy (University of São Paulo, Brasil)22. The New Governance at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, the Restoration of Student Representation, and the Challenges Facing the Neo-Interventionism of the State in Higher Education, Moises David Cáceres (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras - UNAH)23. Student Representation in Higher Education in Jamaica: the case of Mona Guild Council at the University of the West Indies, Mona, Christina Williams (the University of the West Indies Mona)24. College Student Activism in the United States, Jerusha Conner, Rachel Stannard and Angela Upright (University of Vilanova)E. Student Politics and Representation in Europe and in Russia 25. Student Representation at the Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB): The Case of the Bureau des Etudiant.e.s Administrateur.trices, Hélène Mariaud (Université Libre de Bruxelles)26. Student Representation in the Czech Republic after 1989: The Unbearable Lightness of Student Influence?, Martin Hammerbauer, Damir Solak, Diana Hodulíková and Lukáš Lang (Student Chamber of the Council of Higher Education Institution - SK RVŠ)27. Student Politics in Contemporary Estonia: Predominance of Representation over Activism, Allan Aksiim, Kristel Jakobson, Karl Lembit Laane, Kristin Pintson and Helo Liis Soodla (Federation of Estonian Student Unions)28. Which Model for Student Representation in France?, Quentin Genelot 29. Strategies and Actions of Student Organizations for the Conquest of Representativeness: The Case of the French Student Elections, Quentin Genelot (Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté)30. Inspired by Student Politics in Italy: A Proposal for a New Typology to Classify Student Collective Actors, Matteo Vespa, Mattia Sguazzini and Ruben Pratissoli 31. Student Politics in Italy: continuities and discontinuities across three eras, Matteo Vespa (European Students’ Union), Mattia Sguazzini (University of Genova) and Ruben Pratissoli (University of Milan, Unione degli Universitari)32. Student Representation as a Driver of Europeanization in Post-Communist Romanian Higher Education, ?tefan-Marius Deaconu (UEFISCDI - Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding, Romania), Tamara Ciobanu (National Alliance of Student Organizations, Romania) and Horia-?erban Oni?a (National Alliance of Student Organizations, Romania)33. Legacy, Bureaucracy and Meritocracy of Leviathan: Student Representation in Post-Soviet Russia, Dmitry Efimov (Higher School of Economics, Moscow)34. Historical Evolution of the Legal and Political Framework for Student Representation in Spain, José-Luis Parejo (Compultense University of Madrid, Spain)35. The Student Participation in the Governance of the Complutense University of Madrid, Jorge-Antonio Fernández de los Ríos (Nebrija University, Spain) and Enrique Maestu Fonseca (Complutense University of Madrid, Spain)36. Student Representation in the United Kingdom: In the Face of Criticism and Maintaining Legitimacy, Mike Day (Independent Researcher, UK)Conclusion: A Historical and Global Comparison, Manja Klemencic (Harvard University, USA)Index

Manja Klemencicis Associate Senior Lecturer on Sociology and General Education in the Department of Sociology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, USA and Visiting Professor of Higher Education at Faculty of Education, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. She is Co-Editor of the book series Understanding Student Experiences in Higher Education (Bloomsbury), Co-Editor of Higher Education Dynamics and Joint Editor-in-Chief of the European Journal of Higher Education.

Student politics and student representation have fallen out of fashion in higher education studies,partly due to a strong focus of recent work on higher education leadership and management. The book thus fills a gap in an under-researched area of the study of higher education, of national politics and organizational governance in higher education. It has a truly global outreach and comparative perspective that will attract researchers, students, practitioners, and policy makers around the globe. It has been very competently compiled and has been written by leading scholars in the field and student leaders providing a unique perspective.

• Foreword, Hector Enoc Ulloa Chinchilla (SAIH, Norway)AcknowledgmentsIntroduction, Manja Klemencic (Harvard University, USA)Part I: Key Concepts in the Study of Student Politics and Representation in Higher Education1. Key Concepts in the Study of Student Politics and Representation in Higher Education, Manja Klemencic (Harvard University, USA)Part II Empirical Research on Student Politics and Representation in Higher EducationA. Transnational Representative Student Associations2. The All-Africa Students Union (AASU) in Perspective: the Trajectory of the Continental Student Movement, from 1972 to 2022, Peter Kwasi Kodjie, Elorm Mawuli-Kwawu, Awurama Safowaa Kyei-Baffour, Abdul Karim Ibrahim, Bismark Amefianu Kudoafor and Rexford Akrong (All-African Students Union)3. The Commonwealth Students’ Association: Journey of A Newly Established Multi-Regional Student Organization, Musarrat Maisha Reza (University of Exeter, UK), (Commonwealth Students’ Association) and Eileen Goh (Commonwealth Students’ Association)4. The European Students’ Union: the adaptive nature of a European interest organization, Martina Darmanin, Jakub Grodecki, Martin Hammerbauer, Kristel Jakobson and Matteo Vespa (European Students’ Union)5. The Emergence of the Global Student Forum and Prospects for Increased Student Participation Within the International Education Polity, Sebastian Berger, Giuseppe Lipari, Georgia Potton and Carmen Romero (Global Student Forum)6. A Regional Student Movement in Latin and South America: The Organización Continental Latinoamericana y Caribeña de Estudiantes—OCLAE (Latin American and Caribbean Continental Student Organization), Bianca Borges dos Santos, Giuseppe Lipari and Carmen Romero (Global Student Forum)B. Student Politics and Representation in Africa 7. Student Politics in Africa in the Twenty-First Century, Thierry M. Luescher (Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa and the University of the Free State, South Africa)8. Student Representation in Higher Education Governance in (English-Speaking) Cameroon: The Politics, Challenges and Way forward, Emmanuel Shu Ngwa (University of Bamenda, Cameroon) and Novel Lena Folabit (University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa)9. Influence of Political Parties on National Union of Ghana Students: A Study of Contemporary Trends, Samuel Sasu Adonteng, James Kodjie, Emmanuel Nuvi Junior, Contributing Author — Georgia Potton (All-Africa Students Union)10. Students’ Power and How It Has Changed in Kenya, Mary Adhiambo Ojwang (University of Nairobi, Kenya)C. Student Politics and Representation in Asia, the Gulf States and the Pacific 11. Contemporary Student Representation and Organization in Southeast Asia, Claryce Jiawen Lum (Independent Researcher)12. Aotearoa New Zealand: Exploring Myths of Egalitarianism in Student Organizations, Ellen R. Dixon, Nkhaya Paulsen-More and Liam Davies (New Zealand Union of Students’ Associations (NZUSA)13. Student Representation in China’s Higher Education, Fan Li (Huazhong Agricultural University, China and Wageningen University, the Netherlands), Panpan Yao (Changsha University of Science and Technology, China), and Wei Huang (Changsha University of Science and Technology, China)14. Student Elections as Political Festivals: Understanding Party Identification in an Indian Campus, Jean-Thomas Martelli (Stanford University, USA)15. The Omani Model of Student Representation in Higher Education, Faisal Al Balushi (Cardiff University, UK)16. History of Student Representation in Pakistan and Future Prospects for a New Kind of Student Union, Muhammad Arfan (National Students Federation Pakistan) and Muhammad Usman (North Dakota State University, USA)17. Singapore: The Metamorphosis of Student Unions, Musarrat Maisha Reza (University of Exeter, UK) and Eileen Goh Y.L (Commonwealth Students’ Association)18. Finding a Way Forward amidst the Contemporary Challenges to Sri Lankan StudentPolitics, W. Sachinda Dulanjana (Sri Lanka Law Student Union)D. Student Politics and Representation in the Caribbean, Latin America and North America 19. The Construction of a Political Actor in a Post-Dictatorship and Neoliberal Context: Persistence, Success, and Challenges of the Chilean Student Movement (1990–2020), Cristián Bellei (Universidad de Chile, Chile) and Cristóbal Villalobos (Chilean Catholic University, Chile)20. The Role of CONFECH in the Fight for Education in Chile, Carla Trigo Argomedo , Javiera Aymara Molina Barboza, Nicolás Javier Carrancio Fuentes, Maria Josefa Guzmán, Giuseppe Lipari, Cresente Cristóbal Lizarbe Luna , Josefa Javiera González Palma and Igor Gonçalves Pereira (CONFECH, Chile)21. Colombian Student Movement: A Force for Dialogue and Struggle in Colombian Politics, Amanda Harumy (University of São Paulo, Brasil)22. The New Governance at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, the Restoration of Student Representation, and the Challenges Facing the Neo-Interventionism of the State in Higher Education, Moises David Cáceres (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras - UNAH)23. Student Representation in Higher Education in Jamaica: the case of Mona Guild Council at the University of the West Indies, Mona, Christina Williams (the University of the West Indies Mona)24. College Student Activism in the United States, Jerusha Conner, Rachel Stannard and Angela Upright (University of Vilanova)E. Student Politics and Representation in Europe and in Russia 25. Student Representation at the Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB): The Case of the Bureau des Etudiant.e.s Administrateur.trices, Hélène Mariaud (Université Libre de Bruxelles)26. Student Representation in the Czech Republic after 1989: The Unbearable Lightness of Student Influence?, Martin Hammerbauer, Damir Solak, Diana Hodulíková and Lukáš Lang (Student Chamber of the Council of Higher Education Institution - SK RVŠ)27. Student Politics in Contemporary Estonia: Predominance of Representation over Activism, Allan Aksiim, Kristel Jakobson, Karl Lembit Laane, Kristin Pintson and Helo Liis Soodla (Federation of Estonian Student Unions)28. Which Model for Student Representation in France?, Quentin Genelot 29. Strategies and Actions of Student Organizations for the Conquest of Representativeness: The Case of the French Student Elections, Quentin Genelot (Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté)30. Inspired by Student Politics in Italy: A Proposal for a New Typology to Classify Student Collective Actors, Matteo Vespa, Mattia Sguazzini and Ruben Pratissoli 31. Student Politics in Italy: continuities and discontinuities across three eras, Matteo Vespa (European Students’ Union), Mattia Sguazzini (University of Genova) and Ruben Pratissoli (University of Milan, Unione degli Universitari)32. Student Representation as a Driver of Europeanization in Post-Communist Romanian Higher Education, ?tefan-Marius Deaconu (UEFISCDI - Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding, Romania), Tamara Ciobanu (National Alliance of Student Organizations, Romania) and Horia-?erban Oni?a (National Alliance of Student Organizations, Romania)33. Legacy, Bureaucracy and Meritocracy of Leviathan: Student Representation in Post-Soviet Russia, Dmitry Efimov (Higher School of Economics, Moscow)34. Historical Evolution of the Legal and Political Framework for Student Representation in Spain, José-Luis Parejo (Compultense University of Madrid, Spain)35. The Student Participation in the Governance of the Complutense University of Madrid, Jorge-Antonio Fernández de los Ríos (Nebrija University, Spain) and Enrique Maestu Fonseca (Complutense University of Madrid, Spain)36. Student Representation in the United Kingdom: In the Face of Criticism and Maintaining Legitimacy, Mike Day (Independent Researcher, UK)Conclusion: A Historical and Global Comparison, Manja Klemencic (Harvard University, USA)Index

Manja Klemencicis Associate Senior Lecturer on Sociology and General Education in the Department of Sociology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, USA and Visiting Professor of Higher Education at Faculty of Education, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. She is Co-Editor of the book series Understanding Student Experiences in Higher Education (Bloomsbury), Co-Editor of Higher Education Dynamics and Joint Editor-in-Chief of the European Journal of Higher Education.

Student politics and student representation have fallen out of fashion in higher education studies,partly due to a strong focus of recent work on higher education leadership and management. The book thus fills a gap in an under-researched area of the study of higher education, of national politics and organizational governance in higher education. It has a truly global outreach and comparative perspective that will attract researchers, students, practitioners, and policy makers around the globe. It has been very competently compiled and has been written by leading scholars in the field and student leaders providing a unique perspective.

• Foreword, Hector Enoc Ulloa Chinchilla (SAIH, Norway)AcknowledgmentsIntroduction, Manja Klemencic (Harvard University, USA)Part I: Key Concepts in the Study of Student Politics and Representation in Higher Education1. Key Concepts in the Study of Student Politics and Representation in Higher Education, Manja Klemencic (Harvard University, USA)Part II Empirical Research on Student Politics and Representation in Higher EducationA. Transnational Representative Student Associations2. The All-Africa Students Union (AASU) in Perspective: the Trajectory of the Continental Student Movement, from 1972 to 2022, Peter Kwasi Kodjie, Elorm Mawuli-Kwawu, Awurama Safowaa Kyei-Baffour, Abdul Karim Ibrahim, Bismark Amefianu Kudoafor and Rexford Akrong (All-African Students Union)3. The Commonwealth Students’ Association: Journey of A Newly Established Multi-Regional Student Organization, Musarrat Maisha Reza (University of Exeter, UK), (Commonwealth Students’ Association) and Eileen Goh (Commonwealth Students’ Association)4. The European Students’ Union: the adaptive nature of a European interest organization, Martina Darmanin, Jakub Grodecki, Martin Hammerbauer, Kristel Jakobson and Matteo Vespa (European Students’ Union)5. The Emergence of the Global Student Forum and Prospects for Increased Student Participation Within the International Education Polity, Sebastian Berger, Giuseppe Lipari, Georgia Potton and Carmen Romero (Global Student Forum)6. A Regional Student Movement in Latin and South America: The Organización Continental Latinoamericana y Caribeña de Estudiantes—OCLAE (Latin American and Caribbean Continental Student Organization), Bianca Borges dos Santos, Giuseppe Lipari and Carmen Romero (Global Student Forum)B. Student Politics and Representation in Africa 7. Student Politics in Africa in the Twenty-First Century, Thierry M. Luescher (Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa and the University of the Free State, South Africa)8. Student Representation in Higher Education Governance in (English-Speaking) Cameroon: The Politics, Challenges and Way forward, Emmanuel Shu Ngwa (University of Bamenda, Cameroon) and Novel Lena Folabit (University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa)9. Influence of Political Parties on National Union of Ghana Students: A Study of Contemporary Trends, Samuel Sasu Adonteng, James Kodjie, Emmanuel Nuvi Junior, Contributing Author — Georgia Potton (All-Africa Students Union)10. Students’ Power and How It Has Changed in Kenya, Mary Adhiambo Ojwang (University of Nairobi, Kenya)C. Student Politics and Representation in Asia, the Gulf States and the Pacific 11. Contemporary Student Representation and Organization in Southeast Asia, Claryce Jiawen Lum (Independent Researcher)12. Aotearoa New Zealand: Exploring Myths of Egalitarianism in Student Organizations, Ellen R. Dixon, Nkhaya Paulsen-More and Liam Davies (New Zealand Union of Students’ Associations (NZUSA)13. Student Representation in China’s Higher Education, Fan Li (Huazhong Agricultural University, China and Wageningen University, the Netherlands), Panpan Yao (Changsha University of Science and Technology, China), and Wei Huang (Changsha University of Science and Technology, China)14. Student Elections as Political Festivals: Understanding Party Identification in an Indian Campus, Jean-Thomas Martelli (Stanford University, USA)15. The Omani Model of Student Representation in Higher Education, Faisal Al Balushi (Cardiff University, UK)16. History of Student Representation in Pakistan and Future Prospects for a New Kind of Student Union, Muhammad Arfan (National Students Federation Pakistan) and Muhammad Usman (North Dakota State University, USA)17. Singapore: The Metamorphosis of Student Unions, Musarrat Maisha Reza (University of Exeter, UK) and Eileen Goh Y.L (Commonwealth Students’ Association)18. Finding a Way Forward amidst the Contemporary Challenges to Sri Lankan StudentPolitics, W. Sachinda Dulanjana (Sri Lanka Law Student Union)D. Student Politics and Representation in the Caribbean, Latin America and North America 19. The Construction of a Political Actor in a Post-Dictatorship and Neoliberal Context: Persistence, Success, and Challenges of the Chilean Student Movement (1990–2020), Cristián Bellei (Universidad de Chile, Chile) and Cristóbal Villalobos (Chilean Catholic University, Chile)20. The Role of CONFECH in the Fight for Education in Chile, Carla Trigo Argomedo , Javiera Aymara Molina Barboza, Nicolás Javier Carrancio Fuentes, Maria Josefa Guzmán, Giuseppe Lipari, Cresente Cristóbal Lizarbe Luna , Josefa Javiera González Palma and Igor Gonçalves Pereira (CONFECH, Chile)21. Colombian Student Movement: A Force for Dialogue and Struggle in Colombian Politics, Amanda Harumy (University of São Paulo, Brasil)22. The New Governance at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, the Restoration of Student Representation, and the Challenges Facing the Neo-Interventionism of the State in Higher Education, Moises David Cáceres (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras - UNAH)23. Student Representation in Higher Education in Jamaica: the case of Mona Guild Council at the University of the West Indies, Mona, Christina Williams (the University of the West Indies Mona)24. College Student Activism in the United States, Jerusha Conner, Rachel Stannard and Angela Upright (University of Vilanova)E. Student Politics and Representation in Europe and in Russia 25. Student Representation at the Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB): The Case of the Bureau des Etudiant.e.s Administrateur.trices, Hélène Mariaud (Université Libre de Bruxelles)26. Student Representation in the Czech Republic after 1989: The Unbearable Lightness of Student Influence?, Martin Hammerbauer, Damir Solak, Diana Hodulíková and Lukáš Lang (Student Chamber of the Council of Higher Education Institution - SK RVŠ)27. Student Politics in Contemporary Estonia: Predominance of Representation over Activism, Allan Aksiim, Kristel Jakobson, Karl Lembit Laane, Kristin Pintson and Helo Liis Soodla (Federation of Estonian Student Unions)28. Which Model for Student Representation in France?, Quentin Genelot 29. Strategies and Actions of Student Organizations for the Conquest of Representativeness: The Case of the French Student Elections, Quentin Genelot (Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté)30. Inspired by Student Politics in Italy: A Proposal for a New Typology to Classify Student Collective Actors, Matteo Vespa, Mattia Sguazzini and Ruben Pratissoli 31. Student Politics in Italy: continuities and discontinuities across three eras, Matteo Vespa (European Students’ Union), Mattia Sguazzini (University of Genova) and Ruben Pratissoli (University of Milan, Unione degli Universitari)32. Student Representation as a Driver of Europeanization in Post-Communist Romanian Higher Education, ?tefan-Marius Deaconu (UEFISCDI - Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding, Romania), Tamara Ciobanu (National Alliance of Student Organizations, Romania) and Horia-?erban Oni?a (National Alliance of Student Organizations, Romania)33. Legacy, Bureaucracy and Meritocracy of Leviathan: Student Representation in Post-Soviet Russia, Dmitry Efimov (Higher School of Economics, Moscow)34. Historical Evolution of the Legal and Political Framework for Student Representation in Spain, José-Luis Parejo (Compultense University of Madrid, Spain)35. The Student Participation in the Governance of the Complutense University of Madrid, Jorge-Antonio Fernández de los Ríos (Nebrija University, Spain) and Enrique Maestu Fonseca (Complutense University of Madrid, Spain)36. Student Representation in the United Kingdom: In the Face of Criticism and Maintaining Legitimacy, Mike Day (Independent Researcher, UK)Conclusion: A Historical and Global Comparison, Manja Klemencic (Harvard University, USA)Index