TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours

James Brierley, MBBS, FRCP, FRCPSC, FRCR, is Emeritus Professor of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Canada.Meredith Giuliani, MBBS, Med, PhD, FRCPC, DRCPSC, is Director at the Cancer Education Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Canada and Associate Professor at the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Canada.Brian O'Sullivan MB, BCh, FRCPC, FRCPI, FFRRCSI (Hon) is Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite (CHUM), Montreal, Canada.Brian Rous, MB, Bchir, MA, PhD, FRCPath, is a Consultant Histopathologist at Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.Elisabeth Van Eycken, MD, is Director of the Belgian Cancer Registry, Brussels, Belgium.

• Editors-in-chief xiEditors xiiiPreface xvAcknowledgements xviOrganisations Associated with the TNM System xviiMembers of UICC Committees Associated with the TNM System xxviiiIntroduction 1Head and Neck Tumours 17Oral Cavity and Mucosal Lip 18Pharynx 23Larynx 34Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses 39Unknown Primary – Cervical Nodes 43Malignant Melanoma of Upper Aerodigestive Tract 48Salivary Glands 50Thyroid Gland 53Parathyroid Gland 57Digestive System Tumours 59Oesophagus 60Stomach 66Small Intestine 70Appendix 72Colon and Rectum 75Anal Canal and Perianal Skin 79Liver 82Intrahepatic Bile Ducts 85Gallbladder 87Perihilar Bile Ducts 89Distal Extrahepatic Bile Duct 91Ampulla of Vater 93Pancreas 95Well- Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumours of the Gastrointestinal Tract 98Lung, Pleural and Thymic Tumours 107Lung 109Pleural Mesothelioma 114Thymus Tumours 118Tumours of Bone and Soft Tissues 121Bone 122Soft Tissues 126Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour (GIST) 129Skin Tumours 133Carcinoma of Skin (excluding eyelid, head and neck, perianal, vulva and penis) 135Carcinoma of Skin of the Head and Neck Region 138Carcinoma of Skin of the Eyelid 141Melanoma of Skin 144Merkel Cell Carcinoma of Skin 149Breast Tumours 151Gynaecological Tumours 159Vulva 160Vagina 163Cervix Uteri 165Uterus – Endometrium 169Uterine Sarcomas 172Ovarian, Fallopian Tube and Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma 175Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasms 180Urological Tumours 183Penis 184Prostate 187Testis 190Kidney 194Renal Pelvis and Ureter 196Urinary Bladder 198Urethra 201Adrenal Cortex 203Adrenal Medulla and Extra- Adrenal Paraganglia Tumours 205Ophthalmic Tumours 207Carcinoma of Conjunctiva 208Melanoma of Conjunctiva 210Melanoma of Uvea 213Retinoblastoma 217Sarcoma of Orbit 221Carcinoma of Lacrimal Gland 223Brain and Spinal Cord 225Hodgkin Lymphoma 227Non- Hodgkin Lymphomas 231Essential TNM 237Paediatric Tumours 241Gastrointestinal Tumours 241Bone and Soft Tissue Tumours 242Gynaecological Tumours 244Urological Tumours 245Ophthalmic Tumours 247Lymphoma 247Leukaemia 248Central Nervous System 249