Herbal Nutraceuticals

Santosh Kumar Upadhyay, Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. Dr. Upadhyay works in the area of plant molecular biology for the isolation and characterization and recombinant production of various defense-related and industrial proteins. Sudhir Pratap Singh, Professor, Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gandhinagar, India. Professor Singh works in the area of gene mining and biocatalyst engineering for the development of biotechnological approaches for high-value biomolecule production.

• About the Editors xviiList of Contributors xixPreface xxv1 Plants Based Nutraceuticals: An Overview 1Dheeraj Bisht, Vikas Bhatt, Rajeshwar Kamal Kant Arya, Shikha Yadav, Deepak Kumar, Sudhir Pratap Singh, and Santosh Kumar Upadhyay1.1 Introduction 11.2 Historical Background Behind Nutraceutical Investigations 21.3 Pervasive Requisition for Nutraceuticals 31.4 Classification of Nutraceuticals 31.5 Popularly Found Herbs Utilized as Nutraceuticals 61.6 Utility of Nutraceuticals in Cure of Different Diseases 91.7 Current Status of Nutraceuticals 151.8 Challenges and Future Aspects 151.9 Conclusion 16References 162 Herbal Nutraceutical as Alternative Medicine 23Alok Sharma, Madhu, Sapna Avinash Kondalkar, Ajay Kumar Meena, and Santosh Kumar Upadhyay2.1 Introduction 232.2 Classification of Nutraceuticals 242.3 Types of Herbal Nutraceuticals Used as Alternative Medicine 272.4 Conclusions 35Acknowledgments 35References 353 Significance of Nutraceuticals in Modern Health Maintenance and Disease Prevention 47Mahra Mohammad Moosa Ali Alblooshi, Kok Song Lai, Swee Hua Erin Lim, and Shamshul Ansari3.1 Introduction 473.2 Plant based Nutraceuticals 483.3 Plant based Nutraceuticals in the Middle East 493.4 Modified Versus Organic Plant based Nutraceuticals 503.5 The Preventive Potency of Plant based Nutraceuticals 503.6 Prospective Developments in Plant based Functional Foods: Global and Middle Eastern Perspectives 533.7 Conclusions 54References 544 Applications of Spices in Nutraceuticals 59Ashwini Prabhu4.1 Introduction 594.2 Benefits of Spices as Nutraceuticals 604.3 Conclusions 68References 695 Antioxidant Properties of Food Plants, Spices, Beverages, and Nutraceuticals—Health and Anti aging Potentials 77Michael Wink5.1 Introduction 775.2 Reactive Oxygen Species and Health Implications 795.3 Antioxidant Molecules from Nature 905.4 Antioxidant Activities in the Model System Caenorhabditis elegans 915.5 Potential Health Benefits of Herbal Products with Antioxidant Properties 935.6 Conclusions 94Acknowledgments 95References 956 Nutraceuticals with Antidiabetic Potentials from Plants 107Roman Lysiuk, Serhii Oliinyk, Andrii Boiko, Iryna Lozynska, Petro Oliinyk, and Andrian Boiko6.1 Introduction 1076.2 Types of Diabetes 1086.3 Flavonoids in Ameliorating of Diabetes Mellitus Complications 1096.4 Diabetic Cardiomyopathy 1106.5 Diabetic Nephropathy 1116.6 Diabetic Neuropathy 1136.7 Diabetic Retinopathy 1136.8 Diabetic Skin Ulcer 1146.9 Improvement of Bioavailability of Flavonoids 1146.10 Plant derived Nutraceuticals with Antidiabetic Potentials 1156.11 Conclusions 123References 1247 Herbal Wine and Health Benefits 135Sonia Morya, Gopika S. Pillai, Abishek Dinesh, Amenah S. Alotaibi, Hanan A. Alatawi, and Farid Menaa7.1 Introduction 1357.2 Defining Concept of Herbal Wines 1357.3 Historical Roots 1367.4 Emerging Trends of Herbal Wine 1367.5 The Herbal Component 1377.6 Selection of Herbs 1377.7 Techniques for Incorporating Herbs into the Wine Matrix 1457.8 Significance of Herbal Wine in Human Health 1477.9 Future Prospective of Herbal Wine 1487.10 Conclusion 149References 1498 Plant-based Nutraceuticals with Anticarcinogenic Potential 155Omar S. Al Odat, Gabriella Yao, Nicole K. Schmalbach, Daniel A. Guirguis, Osama Aloudat, Patrick A. Newport Ratiu, Subash C. Jonnalagadda, and Manoj K. Pandey8.1 Journey of Nutraceuticals: From Folklores to Linchpins 1558.2 Therapeutic Nutraceuticals for the Treatment of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer 1568.3 A Cancer and Inflammation Savior: Curcumin 1648.4 Conclusion and Future Direction 173Author’s Contributions 173Financial Support and Sponsorship 173Abbreviations 174References 1759 Nano-based Herbal Nutraceuticals Against Different Diseases 187Priyanku Pradip Das, Mehak Thakur, Dheeraj Bisht, Rajeshwar Kamal Kant Arya, Shavkatjon Azizov, H. Lalhlenmawia, and Deepak Kumar9.1 Introduction 1879.2 Plant mediated Nanoparticles as Antioxidant Agents 1889.3 Plant-mediated Nanoparticles as Anti inflammatory Agents 1899.4 Plant mediated Nanoparticles as Antimicrobial Agents 1919.5 Plant mediated Nanoparticles as Antidiabetic Agents 1929.6 Plant mediated Nanoparticles as Antihypertensive Agents 1929.7 Plant mediated Nanoparticles as Anti obesity Agents 1939.8 Conclusion and Future Direction 194References 19410 The Flavorful World: Exploring the Applications of Spices in Nutraceuticals 201Anuradha and Navneeta Bharadvaja10.1 Introduction 20110.2 Chemistry of Compounds Specific to Spices 20210.3 Role of Spices as Nutraceuticals 20410.4 Conclusion 207References 20811 Carotenoids: Their Sources, Bioactivity, and Application in Industry 211Irwandi Jaswir, Dedi Noviendri, Mohd Aznan Md Aris, Soraya Ismail, Widya Lestari, Noraihan Mat Harun, and Ridar Hendri11.1 Introduction 21111.2 Sources of Carotenoid 21311.3 Carotenoids Bioactivity 21711.4 Carotenoid Applications in Industry 22111.5 Conclusions 223Acknowledgments 223References 22312 Nutraceuticals in Legumes 229Rajan Katoch, Ankur Tripathi, Neelam Thakur, and Kiran12.1 Introduction 22912.2 Legumes: A Superfood for Combating Malnutrition and Hunger 23012.3 Nutritional Profile of Legumes 23112.4 Nutraceutical Compounds in Legumes 23212.5 Nonnutritive Bioactive Compounds 23412.6 Nutraceutical Activities of Bioactive Compounds Present in Legumes 24012.7 Nutraceutical Uses of Legumes in Traditional Medicine System 24112.8 Legume based Nutritionally Fortified Food 24212.9 Conclusion 242References 24313 Nutraceutical Potential of Herbal Beverages 251Anoma Chandrasekara, Sashya Diyapaththugama, and Fereidoon Shahidi13.1 Introduction 25113.2 Bioactive Compounds in Herbal Beverages 25413.3 Bioactivities of Herbal Beverages 25613.4 Antioxidant Properties of Herbal Beverages 25613.5 Herbal Beverages in Asia 25713.6 Tropical Fruit Herbal Beverages 26013.7 Herbal Beverages in Africa 26113.8 Herbal Beverages in South America 26213.9 Herbal Beverages in Europe 26313.10 Conclusions 263References 26414 Nutraceuticals Present in Edible Oils 271Rupasree Mukhopadhyay and Shruti Kabra14.1 Introduction 27114.2 Edible Oils and Their Uses 27314.3 Important Nutraceuticals Present in Edible Oils 27814.4 Conclusion 291References 29215 Nutraceuticals from Conventional and Nonconventional Fruits 309Karishma Sebastian, Manjula Belagihalli Siddalingappa, Jeevitha Devaraju, and Panneer Selvam Ranchana15.1 Introduction 30915.2 Apple 31015.3 Peach 31015.4 Plum 31015.5 Apricot 31015.6 Sweet Cherry 31015.7 Mango 31115.8 Banana 31115.9 Citrus 31215.10 Grapes 31215.11 Guava 31215.12 Papaya 31215.13 Pineapple 31315.14 Sapota 31315.15 Annona 31315.16 Pomegranate 31415.17 Dates 31415.18 Avocado 31415.19 Aonla 31415.20 Strawberry 31515.21 Kiwifruit 31515.22 Rambutan 31515.23 Mangosteen 31615.24 Litchi 31615.25 Longan 31615.26 Blueberry 31615.27 Raspberry 31715.28 Walnut 31715.29 Fig 31715.30 Olive 31815.31 Jamun 31815.32 Passionfruit 31815.33 Phalsa 31815.34 Acerola 31915.35 Mulberry 31915.36 Prickly Pear 31915.37 Sea Buckthorn 32015.38 Bael 32015.39 Conclusions 322References 32216 Nutraceutical Potential of Staple Food Crops 329Aroma Joshi, Arun Kumar Gupta, Avinash Kumar Jha, Bindu Naik, Vijay Kumar, and Sarvesh Rustagi16.1 Introduction 32916.2 Overview of Major Staple Food Crops and Their Nutritional Composition 33016.3 Bioactive Compounds Present in Staple Cereal Crops 33016.4 Health Benefits of Staple Food Crops 33316.5 Emerging Trends in Staple Food Crop Research 33516.6 Importance of Educating Consumers About the Nutraceutical Potential 33816.7 Importance of Promoting Staple Food Crops as Nutraceutical Sources 33916.8 Future Scope and Conclusion 339References 34017 Pseudocereals Nutraceuticals 347Sonia Morya, Aniket More, Arno Neumann, and Shikha Chauhan17.1 Introduction 34717.2 Types and Classification of Pseudocereals 34817.3 Nutritional Composition of Pseudocereals 35517.4 Health Benefits of Pseudocereals 35517.5 Functional Properties and Nutraceutical Potential 36017.6 Challenges and Opportunities 36317.7 Conclusion 364References 36418 Safety Concerns Associated with Microalgal Nutraceuticals 373Freny Shah, Niranjan Mishra, Kanti Bhooshan Pandey, and Sandhya MishraAbbreviations 37318.1 Introduction 37318.2 Market Trends 37418.3 Microalgal Source and Nutrient Profile 37518.4 Functional Foods with Microalgae 37618.5 Safety Concerns and Measures to be Followed 37618.6 Applications of Microalgal Nutraceuticals 37718.7 Problems of Contamination 38018.8 Future Scope 38018.9 Conclusion 381Acknowledgments 381References 38219 Toxicity Evaluation of Nutraceuticals 387Sonia Morya, Farid Menaa, and Sharvary Arun Vichare19.1 Introduction 38719.2 Emerging Trends and Future Prospects 39819.3 Conclusion 399References 399Index 405