Michael D. Petraglia was born in New York in 1960, and has been conducting research into the Paleolithic archaeology of South Asia since 1987. He is currently a Lecturer in the Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, University of Cambridge. He has conducted archaeological research in India, Arabia and North America. He is co-editor of the book, Early Human Behaviour in Global Context: the Rise and Diversity of the Lower Palaeolithic Record. Bridget Allchin was born in Oxford in 1927, and has been conducting research into varied aspects of Indian prehistory and ethnography for more than four decades. She is currently Chair of the Ancient India & Iran Trust (Cambridge). Her books include The Stone Tipped Arrow, The Prehistory and Palaeogeography of the Great Indian Desert, and, with Raymond Allchin, The Birth of Indian Civilization, and The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan.

From the reviews: "The volume is divided into four sections following a Preface, a List of Contributors, and a stunning introductory essay by the editors ... . congratulations to Drs. Petraglia and Allchin for organizing a successful conference and serving as generous hosts to its participants. I intend to use this volume in a seminar I offer to undergraduate and graduate students at my university, 'Paleoanthropology of South Asia.' What a pleasure it will be to introduce this remarkable volume to them and to my colleagues." Kenneth A. R. Kennedy, Journal of Mammalian Evolution, Issue 15, 2008 "It is unusually good, informative and cohesive for a conference proceedings. Given the exhaustive references and sound conclusions of the many high quality chapters, this book rightfully shall become indispensable to the small, hardy band of specialists in the biohistory of South Asia." Robert S. Corruccini, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, Vol. 18, 2008 "The most important contribution this volume makes is that the South Asian paleoanthropological and cultural evidence is highlighted through a relatively new and well-known international publishing series. It also introduces diverse lines of research to be pursued and will hopefully encourage and stimulate new methodological approaches and fresh interpretations of human evolutionary scenarios in a unique region of Asia." Parth R. Chauhan, PaleoAnthropology 2010

• Setting Foundations.- Afro-Eurasian mammalian fauna and early hominin dispersals.- “Resource-rich, stone-poor”: Early hominin land use in large river systems of northern India and Pakistan.- Toward developing a basin model for Paleolithic settlement of the Indian subcontinent: Geodynamics, monsoon dynamics, habitat diversity and dispersal routes.- The Acheulean of peninsular India with special reference to the Hungsi and Baichbal valleys of the lower Deccan.- Changing trends in the study of a Paleolithic site in India: A century of research at Attirampakkam.- Was Homo heidelbergensis in South Asia? A test using the Narmada fossil from central India.- The Modern Scene.- The Toba supervolcanic eruption: Tephra-fall deposits in India and paleoanthropological implications.- The emergence of modern human behavior in South Asia: A review of the current evidence and discussion of its possible implications.- Genetic evidence on modern human dispersals in South Asia: Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA perspectives: The world through the eyes of two haploid genomes.- Cranial diversity in South Asia relative to modern human dispersals and global patterns of human variation.- New Worlds in the Holocene.- Interpreting biological diversity in South Asian prehistory: Early Holocene population affinities and subsistence adaptations.- Population movements in the Indian subcontinent during the protohistoric period: Physical anthropological assessment.- Foragers and forager-traders in South Asian worlds: Some thoughts from the last 10,000 years.- Anthropological, historical, archaeological and genetic perspectives on the origins of caste in South Asia.- Language families and quantitative methods in South Asia and elsewhere.- Duality in Bos indicus mtDNA diversity: Support forgeographical complexity in zebu domestication.- Non-human genetics, agricultural origins and historical linguistics in South Asia.- Concluding Remarks.- Thoughts on The Evolution and History of Human Populations in South Asia.- Human evolution and culture change in the Indian subcontinent.- Human evolution and culture change in the Indian subcontinent.