LOUISE ANDERSEN is currently a PhD candidate at the Institute for Political Science, Copenhagen University, Denmark. At the time of editing this volume she was a visiting scholar at the Danish Institute for International Studies on secondment from the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, where she has served since completing Master in Political Science in 1996. Her research focuses on international policies towards fragile states. BJ RN M LLER a Senior Researcher at the Danish Institute for International Studies and leader of its research group on Post-Conflict Peacebuilding. He hold

'This important book explores security needs in areas where the formal state has little or no presence and hence where our normative ontology of the sovereign, territorial state does not apply. It doing so, it challenges conventional notions of peace-building, state-building and the assumptions that underpin most of our approaches to development and security. This is an overdue debate that is set to have a profound impact upon security sector reform and post-conflict reconstruction in general.' - Jakkie Cilliers, Executive Director, Institute for Security Studies"This book should drive those who are involved in the conceptualization, design and implementation of security sector reform in post-conflict situations to rethink the current approach which is wholly state-centric and frequently offers up a one-size-fits-all model that can only be sustained with external resources and control. Though focused on security sector governance, the essays in this book provide an insightful departure from current post-conflict governance orthodoxy and constitute an articulate call for a more appropriate paradigm for constructing systems of self-governance in post-conflict countries." - Amos Sawyer, Co-Director, Workshop in Political Theory & Policy Analysis, Indiana University and Chairman, Governance Reform Commission, Liberia

• Preface Security Arrangements in Fragile States What To Do? The Dilemmas of International Engagement in Fragile States The Organization of Violence: A Historical Perspective Local Security Systems in Somali East Africa Protectors and Predators: Why Is There a Difference among West African Militias? Non-state Providers of Every-day Security in Fragile African States Security Sector: An instrument of the State-Building Project Integrating Former Enemies into National Armies Insecurity, State and Impunity in Latin America Towards a Multi-Layered Approach to Security