Mary Louise Gill is Professor of Philosophy and Classics at Brown University. She is the author of Aristotle on Substance: The Paradox of Unity (1989), Unity, Identity, and Explanation in Aristotle's Metaphysics (co-edited with Theodore Scaltsas and David Charles, 1994), Self-Motion: From Aristotle to Newton (co-edited with James G. Lennox, 1994), and Plato: Parmenides (with Paul Ryan, 1996). Pierre Pellegrin is Director of Research at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in Paris. His authored works include Aristotle's Classification of Animals (1986), and Aristote: Le Philosophe et les Savoirs (2002).

“This Companion does a good job of introducing students to the study of ancient philosophy…This book will give students a sense of what working in the area of ancient philosophy involves and may encourage them to develop some of the requisite skills themselves rather than simply furnish another source for regurgitation.” (The Classical Review, Vol 58 No. 1 2008) "[T]he Companion draws together a wealth of material, presented in accordance with the most recent scholarly standards for the interpretation of ancient philosophical texts. The Companion will be an excellent source-book for students interested in the study of ancient philosophy, as well as for scholars who are rethinking their views on well-known problems by considering the new perspectives offered." (Bryn Mawr Classical Review)

• Notes on Contributors viiiAcknowledgments xivAbbreviations xvChronology xviMaps xxviIntroduction xxixPart I: Early Greek Philosophy1. The Beginnings of Science and Philosophy in Archaic Greece 3Edward Hussey2. Ancient Philosophy and the Doxographical Tradition 20Jørgen Mejer3. Parmenides and After: Unity and Plurality 34Patricia Curd4. The Concept of the Universal in Some Later Pre-Platonic Cosmologists 56Alexander P. D. Mourelatos5. The Sophistic Movement 77Rachel BarneyPart II: Socrates, the Socratics, and Plato6. Socrates 101Donald R. Morrison7. Minor Socratics 119Fernanda Decleva Caizzi8. The Platonic Dialogue 136Christopher Gill9. Plato’s Ethics: Early and Middle Dialogues 151Terry Penner10. Plato’s Political Philosophy: The Republic, the Statesman, and the Laws 170Melissa Lane11. Plato’s Metaphysics and Dialectic 192Noburu Notomi12. Plato’s Natural Philosophy and Metaphysics 212Luc BrissonPart III: Aristotle13. The Aristotelian Way 235Pierre Pellegrin14. Aristotle’s Logic and Theory of Science 245Wolfgang Detel15. Aristotle’s Physics and Cosmology 270István Bodnár and Pierre Pellegrin16. Aristotle’s Biology and Aristotle’s Philosophy 292James G. Lennox17. Aristotle’s Psychology 316Victor Caston18. First Philosophy in Aristotle 347Mary Louise Gill19. Aristotle’s Ethics 374Michael Pakaluk20. Aristotle’s Political Philosophy 393David KeytPart IV: Philosophy in the Hellenistic Age21. Philosophic Schools in Hellenistic and Roman Times 415Thomas Bénatouïl22. The Problem of Sources 430Robert W. Sharples23. The New Academy and its Rivals 448Carlos Lévy24. Pyrrhonism 465Jacques Brunschwig25. Epicureanism 486Pierre-Marie Morel26. Stoic Logic 505Katerina Ierodiakonou27. Stoic Ethics 530Richard Bett28. Hellenistic Cosmopolitanism 549Eric BrownPart V: Middle and Late Platonism29. Middle Platonism 561Marco Zambon30. Plotinus 577Luc Brisson and Jean-François Pradeau31. What was Commentary in Late Antiquity? The Example of the Neoplatonic Commentators 597Philippe HoffmannPart VI: Culture, Philosophy, and the Sciences32. Greek Philosophy and Religion 625Gábor Betegh33. Philosophy of Language 640Deborah K. W. Modrak34. Ancient Medicine and its Contribution to the Philosophical Tradition 664Pierre Pellegrin35. Greek Mathematics to the Time of Euclid 686Ian MuellerIndex Locorum 719General Index 756