Nicholas Benequista is Research Manager at the Center for International Media Assistance, a think-tank housed at the National Endowment for Democracy in Washington, DC. He holds a PhD from the London School of Economics and Political Science. Susan Abbott is an independent consultant who specializes in working with non-profit organizations, universities, and donors in the areas of media development, civil society assistance, and digital rights. In addition to her consulting practice, Abbott is a doctoral researcher at the University of Westminster, and a fellow with the Center for Media, Data, and Society at Central European University.Paul Rothman is Project Manager at the Center for International Media Assistance, a think-tank housed at the National Endowment for Democracy in Washington, DC. He holds an MA from the Elliott School of International Studies at the George Washington University.Winston Mano is a Reader and Course Leader for the MA in Media and Development at the University of Westminster and a member of the top rated Communication and Media Research Institute (CAMRI). He is also the Principal Editor of the Journal of African Media Studies and a Senior Research Associate in the Department of Communication Studies at the University of Johannesburg.

• List of Figures – List of Tables – Acknowledgments – Nicholas Benequista/Susan Abbott/Paul Rothman/Winston Mano: Introduction – Marc Raboy: Global Media: New Issues, Old Story – Monroe E. Price: Media Development and the Market for Loyalties – Mark M. Nelson: Redefining Media Development: A Demand-Driven Approach – Susan Abbott: Evaluating Success: What Should We Be Measuring? – Silvio Waisbord: A Sketch of Media Development: From Meeting Point to Field? – Nicole Stremlau: Media Development and the Political Marketplace – Douglas Griffin: Fake News and Disinformation: Promoting Facts with Press Freedoms – Carolyn M. Byerly: Gender, Research, and Media Development: A Feminist Perspective on Media Structures – Marius Dragomir: Media Capture: Media Ownership, Oligarchs, and the Challenge of Developing Independent Media – Shanthi Kalathil: The New Normal: Transnational Authoritarian Threats to Independent Media – Winston Mano: Refocusing Media Development in Africa – María Soledad Segura: The Impact of Foreign Aid on the Development of Media and Communication in Latin America – Savyasaachi Jain: India’s Media Development Seesaw: Advancement and Vulnerability in the World’s Largest Democracy – Gillian McCormack: The State of Media Development in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Republics – James Deane: How the Fault-lines in Media Development Assistance Make Us Ill-Prepared for the Future: A Densely Potted Historical Analysis – Tatjana Ljubic: Media Literacy in the Context of Media Development: Framework, Interventions, and Assessment – Michelle Betz: Local News: A Shift to Hyperlocal? – Tom Jacobson: Solutions Journalism and a Normative Model for Media Development – Drew Sullivan: The Enduring Place of Investigative Journalism in Media Development – Minna Aslama Horowitz/Davor Marko: Public Service Broadcasting and Media Development – Des Freedman/Jonathan A. Obar: Media Development and Media Reform: Time for Change – Daniel O’Maley: Digital Convergence and Its Implications for Media Development – Michelle J. Foster: The Revenue Paradox of Digital News Media – Tara Susman-Peña: Media Development in the Digital Age – Guy Berger: How Scholarship on Media Development Can Make a Difference – About the Contributors.

Nicholas Benequista is Research Manager at the Center for International Media Assistance, a think-tank housed at the National Endowment for Democracy in Washington, DC. He holds a PhD from the London School of Economics and Political Science. Susan Abbott is an independent consultant who specializes in working with non-profit organizations, universities, and donors in the areas of media development, civil society assistance, and digital rights. In addition to her consulting practice, Abbott is a doctoral researcher at the University of Westminster, and a fellow with the Center for Media, Data, and Society at Central European University.Paul Rothman is Project Manager at the Center for International Media Assistance, a think-tank housed at the National Endowment for Democracy in Washington, DC. He holds an MA from the Elliott School of International Studies at the George Washington University.Winston Mano is a Reader and Course Leader for the MA in Media and Development at the University of Westminster and a member of the top rated Communication and Media Research Institute (CAMRI). He is also the Principal Editor of the Journal of African Media Studies and a Senior Research Associate in the Department of Communication Studies at the University of Johannesburg.

• List of Figures – List of Tables – Acknowledgments – Nicholas Benequista/Susan Abbott/Paul Rothman/Winston Mano: Introduction – Marc Raboy: Global Media: New Issues, Old Story – Monroe E. Price: Media Development and the Market for Loyalties – Mark M. Nelson: Redefining Media Development: A Demand-Driven Approach – Susan Abbott: Evaluating Success: What Should We Be Measuring? – Silvio Waisbord: A Sketch of Media Development: From Meeting Point to Field? – Nicole Stremlau: Media Development and the Political Marketplace – Douglas Griffin: Fake News and Disinformation: Promoting Facts with Press Freedoms – Carolyn M. Byerly: Gender, Research, and Media Development: A Feminist Perspective on Media Structures – Marius Dragomir: Media Capture: Media Ownership, Oligarchs, and the Challenge of Developing Independent Media – Shanthi Kalathil: The New Normal: Transnational Authoritarian Threats to Independent Media – Winston Mano: Refocusing Media Development in Africa – María Soledad Segura: The Impact of Foreign Aid on the Development of Media and Communication in Latin America – Savyasaachi Jain: India’s Media Development Seesaw: Advancement and Vulnerability in the World’s Largest Democracy – Gillian McCormack: The State of Media Development in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Republics – James Deane: How the Fault-lines in Media Development Assistance Make Us Ill-Prepared for the Future: A Densely Potted Historical Analysis – Tatjana Ljubic: Media Literacy in the Context of Media Development: Framework, Interventions, and Assessment – Michelle Betz: Local News: A Shift to Hyperlocal? – Tom Jacobson: Solutions Journalism and a Normative Model for Media Development – Drew Sullivan: The Enduring Place of Investigative Journalism in Media Development – Minna Aslama Horowitz/Davor Marko: Public Service Broadcasting and Media Development – Des Freedman/Jonathan A. Obar: Media Development and Media Reform: Time for Change – Daniel O’Maley: Digital Convergence and Its Implications for Media Development – Michelle J. Foster: The Revenue Paradox of Digital News Media – Tara Susman-Peña: Media Development in the Digital Age – Guy Berger: How Scholarship on Media Development Can Make a Difference – About the Contributors.

Nicholas Benequista is Research Manager at the Center for International Media Assistance, a think-tank housed at the National Endowment for Democracy in Washington, DC. He holds a PhD from the London School of Economics and Political Science. Susan Abbott is an independent consultant who specializes in working with non-profit organizations, universities, and donors in the areas of media development, civil society assistance, and digital rights. In addition to her consulting practice, Abbott is a doctoral researcher at the University of Westminster, and a fellow with the Center for Media, Data, and Society at Central European University.Paul Rothman is Project Manager at the Center for International Media Assistance, a think-tank housed at the National Endowment for Democracy in Washington, DC. He holds an MA from the Elliott School of International Studies at the George Washington University.Winston Mano is a Reader and Course Leader for the MA in Media and Development at the University of Westminster and a member of the top rated Communication and Media Research Institute (CAMRI). He is also the Principal Editor of the Journal of African Media Studies and a Senior Research Associate in the Department of Communication Studies at the University of Johannesburg.

• List of Figures – List of Tables – Acknowledgments – Nicholas Benequista/Susan Abbott/Paul Rothman/Winston Mano: Introduction – Marc Raboy: Global Media: New Issues, Old Story – Monroe E. Price: Media Development and the Market for Loyalties – Mark M. Nelson: Redefining Media Development: A Demand-Driven Approach – Susan Abbott: Evaluating Success: What Should We Be Measuring? – Silvio Waisbord: A Sketch of Media Development: From Meeting Point to Field? – Nicole Stremlau: Media Development and the Political Marketplace – Douglas Griffin: Fake News and Disinformation: Promoting Facts with Press Freedoms – Carolyn M. Byerly: Gender, Research, and Media Development: A Feminist Perspective on Media Structures – Marius Dragomir: Media Capture: Media Ownership, Oligarchs, and the Challenge of Developing Independent Media – Shanthi Kalathil: The New Normal: Transnational Authoritarian Threats to Independent Media – Winston Mano: Refocusing Media Development in Africa – María Soledad Segura: The Impact of Foreign Aid on the Development of Media and Communication in Latin America – Savyasaachi Jain: India’s Media Development Seesaw: Advancement and Vulnerability in the World’s Largest Democracy – Gillian McCormack: The State of Media Development in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Republics – James Deane: How the Fault-lines in Media Development Assistance Make Us Ill-Prepared for the Future: A Densely Potted Historical Analysis – Tatjana Ljubic: Media Literacy in the Context of Media Development: Framework, Interventions, and Assessment – Michelle Betz: Local News: A Shift to Hyperlocal? – Tom Jacobson: Solutions Journalism and a Normative Model for Media Development – Drew Sullivan: The Enduring Place of Investigative Journalism in Media Development – Minna Aslama Horowitz/Davor Marko: Public Service Broadcasting and Media Development – Des Freedman/Jonathan A. Obar: Media Development and Media Reform: Time for Change – Daniel O’Maley: Digital Convergence and Its Implications for Media Development – Michelle J. Foster: The Revenue Paradox of Digital News Media – Tara Susman-Peña: Media Development in the Digital Age – Guy Berger: How Scholarship on Media Development Can Make a Difference – About the Contributors.