Owen Green is a toxicologist who has spent nearly 40 years in the preclinical toxicology industry within leading global CROs or as an independent consultant in toxicology to pharmaceutical and chemical sectors. Following his masters degree in pharmacological biochemistry and Ph.D. studying chronic renal disease, he has spent many years working with and studying the practice of infusion technology in non-clinical toxicology programmes. He is one of the founders and current chairman of the Infusion Technology Organisation. This is an international group set up to share commercial and academic experiences with the technology in order to improve the techniques and scientific understanding for the benefit of the animal models involved and to improve the scientific quality of the data generated. Guy Healing is an experienced regulatory toxicologist who has worked in pre-clinical pharmaceutical R&D for nearly 20 years, and prior to that in agrochemical R&D and for a global CRO. He obtained a BSc in biochemistry at Cardiff University and his Ph.D. investigating the role of iron and oxygen-derived free radicals in the pathogenesis of renal ischaemic damage while working for the Medical Research Council. Guy is a Fellow of the British Toxicology Society and has been editor of its newsletter as well as a member of the Executive Committee. He has published previously in the area of infusion technology, including the Handbook of Pre-clinical Continuous Intravenous Infusion in 2000.

"Good science and good welfare go hand in hand. Innovative science and technology can be used to improve animal welfare. Equally, the 3Rs (replacement, refinement and reduction of animals in research) can provide fresh insight and novel approaches to advance science. By sharing data, knowledge and experience on the science behind infusion models and the refinement of the techniques used, there is the potential to have a significant impact on the 3Rs. Owen Green and Guy Healing have shown the importance of the 3Rs in infusion technology at international meetings and in producing this book. The book will enhance uptake of the latest science behind vascular delivery systems to get better data and help influence decisions around the most appropriate model. It will also contribute to preventing repetition of method development and optimising experiments to answer specific scientific questions with the least impact on animals. As in other areas of science, the field of infusion technology is constantly evolving. This edition of Non-Clinical Vascular Infusion Technology reviews current developments in the field that will support scientists in putting the 3Rs into practice."—From the Foreword by Kathryn Chapman, Head of Innovation and Translation, the National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research

• Body Fluid Dynamics. Introduction. Composition and units of measurement. Compartmentalization and Distribution. Movement between Compartments/Exchange. Body Fluid Homeostasis. Summary. References. Physico-Chemical Factors. Introduction. Osmolality. Acid-Base Balance. Viscosity. Surface Tension. Diffusion. Summary of Infusion Forces. References. Vascular Infusion Dynamics. Essential physiology. Intravenous Delivery Rates and Volumes. References. Formulation Considerations. Introduction. Formulation selection strategy. Study design and species/strain. The properties of the compound. Strategies for dealing with poor solubility. Unwanted formulation effects. Excipient toxicity. Strategies for dealing with injection site reactions and haemolysis. Strategies for dealing with poor stability. Sterility. Conclusion. References. Prestudy analytical assessments: Equipment compatibility. Stability of the formulation with the formulation storage vessel. Compatibility. Choice of material. References. Haemocompatibility. Introduction. Objectives. Methods of assessing haemocompatibility. Discussion. Conclusion. References. Annex: Common excipients and vehicles.

Owen Green is a toxicologist who has spent nearly 40 years in the preclinical toxicology industry within leading global CROs or as an independent consultant in toxicology to pharmaceutical and chemical sectors. Following his masters degree in pharmacological biochemistry and Ph.D. studying chronic renal disease, he has spent many years working with and studying the practice of infusion technology in non-clinical toxicology programmes. He is one of the founders and current chairman of the Infusion Technology Organisation. This is an international group set up to share commercial and academic experiences with the technology in order to improve the techniques and scientific understanding for the benefit of the animal models involved and to improve the scientific quality of the data generated. Guy Healing is an experienced regulatory toxicologist who has worked in pre-clinical pharmaceutical R&D for nearly 20 years, and prior to that in agrochemical R&D and for a global CRO. He obtained a BSc in biochemistry at Cardiff University and his Ph.D. investigating the role of iron and oxygen-derived free radicals in the pathogenesis of renal ischaemic damage while working for the Medical Research Council. Guy is a Fellow of the British Toxicology Society and has been editor of its newsletter as well as a member of the Executive Committee. He has published previously in the area of infusion technology, including the Handbook of Pre-clinical Continuous Intravenous Infusion in 2000.

"Good science and good welfare go hand in hand. Innovative science and technology can be used to improve animal welfare. Equally, the 3Rs (replacement, refinement and reduction of animals in research) can provide fresh insight and novel approaches to advance science. By sharing data, knowledge and experience on the science behind infusion models and the refinement of the techniques used, there is the potential to have a significant impact on the 3Rs. Owen Green and Guy Healing have shown the importance of the 3Rs in infusion technology at international meetings and in producing this book. The book will enhance uptake of the latest science behind vascular delivery systems to get better data and help influence decisions around the most appropriate model. It will also contribute to preventing repetition of method development and optimising experiments to answer specific scientific questions with the least impact on animals. As in other areas of science, the field of infusion technology is constantly evolving. This edition of Non-Clinical Vascular Infusion Technology reviews current developments in the field that will support scientists in putting the 3Rs into practice."—From the Foreword by Kathryn Chapman, Head of Innovation and Translation, the National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research

• Body Fluid Dynamics. Introduction. Composition and units of measurement. Compartmentalization and Distribution. Movement between Compartments/Exchange. Body Fluid Homeostasis. Summary. References. Physico-Chemical Factors. Introduction. Osmolality. Acid-Base Balance. Viscosity. Surface Tension. Diffusion. Summary of Infusion Forces. References. Vascular Infusion Dynamics. Essential physiology. Intravenous Delivery Rates and Volumes. References. Formulation Considerations. Introduction. Formulation selection strategy. Study design and species/strain. The properties of the compound. Strategies for dealing with poor solubility. Unwanted formulation effects. Excipient toxicity. Strategies for dealing with injection site reactions and haemolysis. Strategies for dealing with poor stability. Sterility. Conclusion. References. Prestudy analytical assessments: Equipment compatibility. Stability of the formulation with the formulation storage vessel. Compatibility. Choice of material. References. Haemocompatibility. Introduction. Objectives. Methods of assessing haemocompatibility. Discussion. Conclusion. References. Annex: Common excipients and vehicles.