Theory Construction and Model-Building Skills, Second Edition

James Jaccard, PhD, is Professor of Social Work at the Silver School of Social Work at New York University. Previously, he was Distinguished Professor of Psychology for 20 years at the University at Albany, State University of New York, and Professor of Psychology at Florida International University for 8 years. Dr. Jaccard has authored or edited numerous books and has published over 200 articles in peer-reviewed journals. He has served on numerous boards and panels for the Health and Medicine Division of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and for the National Institutes of Health. His research focuses broadly on attitudes, cognitions, and emotions as they affect decision making, especially in applied settings. This includes research on adolescent decision making, health-related decisions, and a critical analysis of the effects of unconscious influences on adult decision making.Jacob Jacoby, PhD, until his death in 2018, was Merchants Council Professor of Consumer Behavior at New York University’s Stern School of Business. He authored or edited several books and published over 160 articles in peer-reviewed social science and law journals. Dr. Jacoby was a Fellow of the American Psychological Association and a Fellow and past president of the Association for Consumer Research. His research on the factors that affect consumer decision making and behavior was honored by awards from the American Psychological Association, the American Marketing Association, the American Academy of Advertising, the Association for Consumer Research, and the Society for Consumer Psychology. He conducted research or consulted for dozens of Fortune 500 companies and other organizations in the United States and internationally. He also worked for federal agencies (including the U.S. Senate, Federal Trade Commission, and Food and Drug Administration) and testified in more than 100 cases heard in U.S. District Courts.

"This book provides a unique and important contribution about a neglected process central to the social sciences. It stands above all other books on theory construction in its insights, clarity, breadth, and practical focus. On each reading, I discover new and useful advice to help both young and experienced researchers bring creative and rigorous thinking to their work. The writing style feels like a conversation with these highly successful authors, rather than a formal treatise on each topic. The book’s multidisciplinary approach highlights the importance of theory construction using a wide range of tools: mathematical or quantitative, conceptual, and qualitative or observational. New chapters and other new content in the second edition are important and welcome additions. This invaluable book belongs on the shelf of every graduate student who pursues research, and is extremely useful for practitioners who need to critically read research reports.”--David Brinberg, PhD, R. O. Goodykoontz Professor of Marketing, Virginia Tech"This exceptional second edition focuses on how to ask and answer research questions in a way that will lead to sound conceptualizations and theory development. Written in an engaging, vivid, and crystal-clear manner, the book includes hands-on, tricks-of-the-trade approaches. Every page reflects the joy and satisfaction that come with fostering scientific creativity to address social and clinical science problems. The companion website has very detailed and informative resources. Filling a gap in its emphasis on how to do theory-driven science, this amazing, unique text has much to offer to students and new and seasoned researchers."--Wendy K. Silverman, PhD, ABPP, Alfred A. Messer Professor of Child Psychiatry and Director, Anxiety and Mood Disorders Program, Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine"Essential reading for students in the social sciences, this book removes the mystery behind learning to think like a scientist. Jaccard and Jacoby teach the tricks of the trade--the cognitive maneuvers, representational strategies, and creativity heuristics--that any researcher can employ to build stronger, more informative, and testable theories. No other source covers the range of strategies for increasing the impact and relevance of theories. This book can serve as a stand-alone text in courses devoted to theory construction or as a supplemental text in more general courses on scientific and research methods. The new companion website for the second edition is invaluable; it presents useful exercises to help students build working knowledge of the concepts and strategies in the text."--Hart Blanton, PhD, Department of Communication, Texas A&M University"How exciting! In this second edition, readers are going to find new concepts and methods for infusing theory into quantitative and qualitative research. Jaccard and Jacoby continue to take on the big ideas in social science research methods with clear exposition of complex topics and balanced guidance for new scholars.”--Sean Kelly, PhD, Department of Administrative and Policy Studies, University of Pittsburgh School of Education"This outstanding book helps students understand the fundamentals of what a good theory is and how to use research to construct theories. It also shows how theory is used to guide the development of measures and interventions. It is a ‘must read’ for all doctoral students. Among the enhancements of the second edition is the great companion website, which offers resources and learning tools related to every chapter. I use this book in a doctoral-level class on theories and would recommend it to anyone who teaches theory to doctoral students.”--Cynthia G. S. Franklin, PhD, Associate Dean for Doctoral Education and Stiernberg/Spencer Family Professor in Mental Health, School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin"At a time when science is often misunderstood if not outright denigrated by the lay public, it is essential that aspiring social scientists come to learn how theories should be formulated, tested, and revised. As a complement to textbooks focused on research methods and statistics, this beautifully written book on how to construct and evaluate theories--better than any other I’ve seen--will equip students and young scientists for this very purpose."--Saul Kassin, PhD, Distinguished Professor of Psychology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York-

• I. Basic Concepts1. Introduction2. The Nature of Understanding3. Science as an Approach to UnderstandingII. Core Processes4. Creativity and the Generation of Ideas5. Focusing Concepts6. Thought Experiments for Variable RelationshipsIII. Frameworks for Theory Construction7. Causal Models8. Mathematical Modeling9. Simulation as a Theory Development Method10. Emergent Theory: Qualitative/Mixed Method Approaches11. Emergent Theory: Quantitative Approaches12. Historically Influential Systems of ThoughtIV. Theory at the Level of Measurement13. Theory and Measurement: General Frameworks14. Types of Measurement StrategiesV. Concluding Issues15. Theory Revision16. Reading and Writing about Theories17. Epilogue