M. Raymond Izarali is Associate Professor of Criminology at Wilfrid Laurier University, CanadaOliver Masakure is Associate Professor in Business Technology Management, Lazaridis School of Business and Economics at Wilfrid Laurier University, CanadaEdward Shizha is Associate Professor of Society, Culture and Environment & Youth and Children’s Studies at Wilfrid Laurier University, Canada

'This is a timely book that immediately and critically responds to the missing links between security, education and social development in the Sub-Saharan African context. It effectively achieves important analytical and selectively pragmatizable perspectives on some of the most pressing issues currently affecting the sub-continent including chronic conflict, human trafficking, gender-based violence and possibilities for peace building. It will benefit students and specialized scholars, policy makers and the general public.' - Ali A. Abdi, Professor, University of British Columbia, Canada'This chef d’oeuvre is a remarkable addition to the existing scholarship on the African continent inasmuch as it contemplates newer ways of coping with the traumatic conflicts and insecurities of the past and present times. The authors set up new blueprints for a better and safer Africa, and by extension a safer world. Students of African history and African decision-makers should appropriate the conclusions from this book.' - Dr. Siendou Ahmadou Konate, Associate Professor of African and American Studies. Editor-in-Chief, Ivorian Journal of Comparative Studies (IJCS) Felix Houphouet-Boigny University, Cote d’Ivoire

• INTRODUCTION: Conceptualising Africa’s Realities in the 21st Century: The Security – Education – Development Nexus [M. Raymond Izarali, Oliver Masakure and Edward Shizha]SECTION I: THEORETICAL CONCEPTUALIZATION ON [IN]SECURITY AND DEVELOPMENT1. Criminological Perspectives on African Security [Declan Ihekwoaba Onwudiwe]2. Policing Inconsequence in Africa: Towards a Theory of Government Indifference to Citizenship and Insecurity [Kingsley Ejiogu]3. From Fragility to Resilience: Social Enterprise at the Nexus of Conflict and Development in Africa [Joanne Benham Rennick and Timothy Donnais]SECTION II: COUNTRY CASES ON [IN]SECURITY AND DEVELOPMENT1. Insecurity in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Militarised politics, Predatory Governance and Neoliberal Development [Maritza Felices-Luna]2. Impact of Piracy on Somalia: Society, Economy and State-Building [Afyare Elmi, Said Mohamed and Ladan Affi]The Gender Dimensions of Insecurity in Mauritius [Ramola Ramtohul]SECTION III: [IN]SECURITY AND EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT1. Impact of Civil Conflict/ War on Children’s Rights to Education in Africa[Edward Shizha]2. Human Trafficking and Education in Africa [Oliver Masakure]3. How Civil Conflict and Gender-Based Violence Affect the Education of Women in Africa [Efiritha Chauraya and Oliver Masakure]SECTION IV: COUNTRY CASES ON [IN]SECURITY AND EDUCATION1. Challenges in Curriculum and Language of Instructions in Post-conflict Somalia- A Case Study [Abdullahi Hussein]2. Insecurity and Education System in a Developmental State: A Tale of South Africa’s Post 1994 Democratic Breakthrough [Frank Gadiwele Lekaba and Palesa Sekhejane]3. Reconstructing Education in Post-Conflict Sierra Leone [Grace Pai]4. The Paradoxes of Peace Education During Escalating Conflict: Nigeria’s Sesame Square [Naomi Moland]14. CONCLUSION: Looking Ahead: The Convergence of Realities of Security, Education, and Development in Africa[M. Raymond Izarali]

M. Raymond Izarali is Associate Professor of Criminology at Wilfrid Laurier University, CanadaOliver Masakure is Associate Professor in Business Technology Management, Lazaridis School of Business and Economics at Wilfrid Laurier University, CanadaEdward Shizha is Associate Professor of Society, Culture and Environment & Youth and Children’s Studies at Wilfrid Laurier University, Canada

'This is a timely book that immediately and critically responds to the missing links between security, education and social development in the Sub-Saharan African context. It effectively achieves important analytical and selectively pragmatizable perspectives on some of the most pressing issues currently affecting the sub-continent including chronic conflict, human trafficking, gender-based violence and possibilities for peace building. It will benefit students and specialized scholars, policy makers and the general public.' - Ali A. Abdi, Professor, University of British Columbia, Canada'This chef d’oeuvre is a remarkable addition to the existing scholarship on the African continent inasmuch as it contemplates newer ways of coping with the traumatic conflicts and insecurities of the past and present times. The authors set up new blueprints for a better and safer Africa, and by extension a safer world. Students of African history and African decision-makers should appropriate the conclusions from this book.' - Dr. Siendou Ahmadou Konate, Associate Professor of African and American Studies. Editor-in-Chief, Ivorian Journal of Comparative Studies (IJCS) Felix Houphouet-Boigny University, Cote d’Ivoire

• INTRODUCTION: Conceptualising Africa’s Realities in the 21st Century: The Security – Education – Development Nexus [M. Raymond Izarali, Oliver Masakure and Edward Shizha]SECTION I: THEORETICAL CONCEPTUALIZATION ON [IN]SECURITY AND DEVELOPMENT1. Criminological Perspectives on African Security [Declan Ihekwoaba Onwudiwe]2. Policing Inconsequence in Africa: Towards a Theory of Government Indifference to Citizenship and Insecurity [Kingsley Ejiogu]3. From Fragility to Resilience: Social Enterprise at the Nexus of Conflict and Development in Africa [Joanne Benham Rennick and Timothy Donnais]SECTION II: COUNTRY CASES ON [IN]SECURITY AND DEVELOPMENT1. Insecurity in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Militarised politics, Predatory Governance and Neoliberal Development [Maritza Felices-Luna]2. Impact of Piracy on Somalia: Society, Economy and State-Building [Afyare Elmi, Said Mohamed and Ladan Affi]The Gender Dimensions of Insecurity in Mauritius [Ramola Ramtohul]SECTION III: [IN]SECURITY AND EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT1. Impact of Civil Conflict/ War on Children’s Rights to Education in Africa[Edward Shizha]2. Human Trafficking and Education in Africa [Oliver Masakure]3. How Civil Conflict and Gender-Based Violence Affect the Education of Women in Africa [Efiritha Chauraya and Oliver Masakure]SECTION IV: COUNTRY CASES ON [IN]SECURITY AND EDUCATION1. Challenges in Curriculum and Language of Instructions in Post-conflict Somalia- A Case Study [Abdullahi Hussein]2. Insecurity and Education System in a Developmental State: A Tale of South Africa’s Post 1994 Democratic Breakthrough [Frank Gadiwele Lekaba and Palesa Sekhejane]3. Reconstructing Education in Post-Conflict Sierra Leone [Grace Pai]4. The Paradoxes of Peace Education During Escalating Conflict: Nigeria’s Sesame Square [Naomi Moland]14. CONCLUSION: Looking Ahead: The Convergence of Realities of Security, Education, and Development in Africa[M. Raymond Izarali]

M. Raymond Izarali is Associate Professor of Criminology at Wilfrid Laurier University, CanadaOliver Masakure is Associate Professor in Business Technology Management, Lazaridis School of Business and Economics at Wilfrid Laurier University, CanadaEdward Shizha is Associate Professor of Society, Culture and Environment & Youth and Children’s Studies at Wilfrid Laurier University, Canada

'This is a timely book that immediately and critically responds to the missing links between security, education and social development in the Sub-Saharan African context. It effectively achieves important analytical and selectively pragmatizable perspectives on some of the most pressing issues currently affecting the sub-continent including chronic conflict, human trafficking, gender-based violence and possibilities for peace building. It will benefit students and specialized scholars, policy makers and the general public.' - Ali A. Abdi, Professor, University of British Columbia, Canada'This chef d’oeuvre is a remarkable addition to the existing scholarship on the African continent inasmuch as it contemplates newer ways of coping with the traumatic conflicts and insecurities of the past and present times. The authors set up new blueprints for a better and safer Africa, and by extension a safer world. Students of African history and African decision-makers should appropriate the conclusions from this book.' - Dr. Siendou Ahmadou Konate, Associate Professor of African and American Studies. Editor-in-Chief, Ivorian Journal of Comparative Studies (IJCS) Felix Houphouet-Boigny University, Cote d’Ivoire

• INTRODUCTION: Conceptualising Africa’s Realities in the 21st Century: The Security – Education – Development Nexus [M. Raymond Izarali, Oliver Masakure and Edward Shizha]SECTION I: THEORETICAL CONCEPTUALIZATION ON [IN]SECURITY AND DEVELOPMENT1. Criminological Perspectives on African Security [Declan Ihekwoaba Onwudiwe]2. Policing Inconsequence in Africa: Towards a Theory of Government Indifference to Citizenship and Insecurity [Kingsley Ejiogu]3. From Fragility to Resilience: Social Enterprise at the Nexus of Conflict and Development in Africa [Joanne Benham Rennick and Timothy Donnais]SECTION II: COUNTRY CASES ON [IN]SECURITY AND DEVELOPMENT1. Insecurity in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Militarised politics, Predatory Governance and Neoliberal Development [Maritza Felices-Luna]2. Impact of Piracy on Somalia: Society, Economy and State-Building [Afyare Elmi, Said Mohamed and Ladan Affi]The Gender Dimensions of Insecurity in Mauritius [Ramola Ramtohul]SECTION III: [IN]SECURITY AND EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT1. Impact of Civil Conflict/ War on Children’s Rights to Education in Africa[Edward Shizha]2. Human Trafficking and Education in Africa [Oliver Masakure]3. How Civil Conflict and Gender-Based Violence Affect the Education of Women in Africa [Efiritha Chauraya and Oliver Masakure]SECTION IV: COUNTRY CASES ON [IN]SECURITY AND EDUCATION1. Challenges in Curriculum and Language of Instructions in Post-conflict Somalia- A Case Study [Abdullahi Hussein]2. Insecurity and Education System in a Developmental State: A Tale of South Africa’s Post 1994 Democratic Breakthrough [Frank Gadiwele Lekaba and Palesa Sekhejane]3. Reconstructing Education in Post-Conflict Sierra Leone [Grace Pai]4. The Paradoxes of Peace Education During Escalating Conflict: Nigeria’s Sesame Square [Naomi Moland]14. CONCLUSION: Looking Ahead: The Convergence of Realities of Security, Education, and Development in Africa[M. Raymond Izarali]