Zachary J. Cole (PhD, University of Edinburgh) is associate professor of New Testament at Reformed Theological Seminary in Orlando, Florida, and the author of Numerals in Early Greek New Testament Manuscripts. His research primarily focuses on New Testament textual criticism.Gregory R. Lanier (PhD, University of Cambridge) is professor of New Testament at Reformed Theological Seminary in Orlando, Florida. He has written or edited several books in the areas of textual criticism, Gospels, use of the Old Testament in the New Testament, Christology, and the Septuagint.

• List of Illustrations1. Introduction1.1 Importance of NT Textual Criticism1.2 Textual Basis of Major English Translations1.3 History of NT Textual Criticism2. Handwriting2.1 Overview2.2 Paleography Basics2.3 Scribal Hands2.4 Majuscule Script2.5 Minuscule Script2.6 Summary3. Manuscripts3.1 Overview3.2 Importance of Material Artifacts3.3 Codicology3.4 Dating3.5 Noncontinuous Texts3.6 Cataloging and Quantification3.7 Key Manuscripts3.8 Tools for Viewing Manuscripts3.9 Summary3.10 Additional Practice4. Scribes and Text4.1 Overview4.2 Copying Process4.3 Scribal Habits4.4 Scribal Features4.5 Summary4.6 Additional Practice5. Scribes and Paratext5.1 Overview5.2 Front and End Matter5.3 Marginalia5.4 Summary5.5 Additional Practice6. Text-Critical Theory6.1 Overview6.2 Goals and Limitations6.3 Textual Groups6.4 Macro Approaches6.5 Survey of Each NT Section6.6 Summary6.7 Additional Practice7. Text-Critical Practice7.1 Overview7.2 Transcription7.3 Collation7.4 Navigating Critical Editions7.5 Using Additional Evidence7.6 Making Text-Critical Judgments7.7 Summary7.8 Additional Practice8. Text-Critical Application8.1 Overview8.2 Canon8.3 Theology8.4 Apologetics8.5 Exegesis, Preaching, and Teaching8.6 Summary9. Synthesizing Examples9.1 Overview9.2 Lord's Prayer (Matt. 6:13; Luke 11:2-4)9.3 "Son of God" (Mark 1:1)9.4 Ending(s) of Mark (Mark 16:9-20)9.5 Sweat Like Drops of Blood (Luke 22:43-44)9.6 "Father, forgive them" (Luke 23:34a)9.7 Stirring of the Waters (John 5:3b-4)9.8 Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53-8:11)9.9 "To Him Who Is Able" (Rom. 16:25-27)9.10 "In Ephesus" (Eph. 1:1)9.11 Three Witnesses (1 John 5:7b-8a)10. Appendixes10.1 Old Testament Textual Criticism10.2 GlossaryIndexes

Zachary J. Cole (PhD, University of Edinburgh) is associate professor of New Testament at Reformed Theological Seminary in Orlando, Florida, and the author of Numerals in Early Greek New Testament Manuscripts. His research primarily focuses on New Testament textual criticism.Gregory R. Lanier (PhD, University of Cambridge) is professor of New Testament at Reformed Theological Seminary in Orlando, Florida. He has written or edited several books in the areas of textual criticism, Gospels, use of the Old Testament in the New Testament, Christology, and the Septuagint.

• List of Illustrations1. Introduction1.1 Importance of NT Textual Criticism1.2 Textual Basis of Major English Translations1.3 History of NT Textual Criticism2. Handwriting2.1 Overview2.2 Paleography Basics2.3 Scribal Hands2.4 Majuscule Script2.5 Minuscule Script2.6 Summary3. Manuscripts3.1 Overview3.2 Importance of Material Artifacts3.3 Codicology3.4 Dating3.5 Noncontinuous Texts3.6 Cataloging and Quantification3.7 Key Manuscripts3.8 Tools for Viewing Manuscripts3.9 Summary3.10 Additional Practice4. Scribes and Text4.1 Overview4.2 Copying Process4.3 Scribal Habits4.4 Scribal Features4.5 Summary4.6 Additional Practice5. Scribes and Paratext5.1 Overview5.2 Front and End Matter5.3 Marginalia5.4 Summary5.5 Additional Practice6. Text-Critical Theory6.1 Overview6.2 Goals and Limitations6.3 Textual Groups6.4 Macro Approaches6.5 Survey of Each NT Section6.6 Summary6.7 Additional Practice7. Text-Critical Practice7.1 Overview7.2 Transcription7.3 Collation7.4 Navigating Critical Editions7.5 Using Additional Evidence7.6 Making Text-Critical Judgments7.7 Summary7.8 Additional Practice8. Text-Critical Application8.1 Overview8.2 Canon8.3 Theology8.4 Apologetics8.5 Exegesis, Preaching, and Teaching8.6 Summary9. Synthesizing Examples9.1 Overview9.2 Lord's Prayer (Matt. 6:13; Luke 11:2-4)9.3 "Son of God" (Mark 1:1)9.4 Ending(s) of Mark (Mark 16:9-20)9.5 Sweat Like Drops of Blood (Luke 22:43-44)9.6 "Father, forgive them" (Luke 23:34a)9.7 Stirring of the Waters (John 5:3b-4)9.8 Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53-8:11)9.9 "To Him Who Is Able" (Rom. 16:25-27)9.10 "In Ephesus" (Eph. 1:1)9.11 Three Witnesses (1 John 5:7b-8a)10. Appendixes10.1 Old Testament Textual Criticism10.2 GlossaryIndexes

Zachary J. Cole (PhD, University of Edinburgh) is associate professor of New Testament at Reformed Theological Seminary in Orlando, Florida, and the author of Numerals in Early Greek New Testament Manuscripts. His research primarily focuses on New Testament textual criticism.Gregory R. Lanier (PhD, University of Cambridge) is professor of New Testament at Reformed Theological Seminary in Orlando, Florida. He has written or edited several books in the areas of textual criticism, Gospels, use of the Old Testament in the New Testament, Christology, and the Septuagint.

• List of Illustrations1. Introduction1.1 Importance of NT Textual Criticism1.2 Textual Basis of Major English Translations1.3 History of NT Textual Criticism2. Handwriting2.1 Overview2.2 Paleography Basics2.3 Scribal Hands2.4 Majuscule Script2.5 Minuscule Script2.6 Summary3. Manuscripts3.1 Overview3.2 Importance of Material Artifacts3.3 Codicology3.4 Dating3.5 Noncontinuous Texts3.6 Cataloging and Quantification3.7 Key Manuscripts3.8 Tools for Viewing Manuscripts3.9 Summary3.10 Additional Practice4. Scribes and Text4.1 Overview4.2 Copying Process4.3 Scribal Habits4.4 Scribal Features4.5 Summary4.6 Additional Practice5. Scribes and Paratext5.1 Overview5.2 Front and End Matter5.3 Marginalia5.4 Summary5.5 Additional Practice6. Text-Critical Theory6.1 Overview6.2 Goals and Limitations6.3 Textual Groups6.4 Macro Approaches6.5 Survey of Each NT Section6.6 Summary6.7 Additional Practice7. Text-Critical Practice7.1 Overview7.2 Transcription7.3 Collation7.4 Navigating Critical Editions7.5 Using Additional Evidence7.6 Making Text-Critical Judgments7.7 Summary7.8 Additional Practice8. Text-Critical Application8.1 Overview8.2 Canon8.3 Theology8.4 Apologetics8.5 Exegesis, Preaching, and Teaching8.6 Summary9. Synthesizing Examples9.1 Overview9.2 Lord's Prayer (Matt. 6:13; Luke 11:2-4)9.3 "Son of God" (Mark 1:1)9.4 Ending(s) of Mark (Mark 16:9-20)9.5 Sweat Like Drops of Blood (Luke 22:43-44)9.6 "Father, forgive them" (Luke 23:34a)9.7 Stirring of the Waters (John 5:3b-4)9.8 Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53-8:11)9.9 "To Him Who Is Able" (Rom. 16:25-27)9.10 "In Ephesus" (Eph. 1:1)9.11 Three Witnesses (1 John 5:7b-8a)10. Appendixes10.1 Old Testament Textual Criticism10.2 GlossaryIndexes