Counseling and Educational Research

Rick Houser is Professor Emeritus Department of Educational Studies in Psychology, Research Methodology & Counseling, College of Education at The University of Alabama. He was Professor and Department Head in Educational Studies in Psychology (over 7 years at Department Head), Research Methodology, and Counseling at The University of Alabama. He has been Associate Dean in the College of Education at the University of Massachusetts, Boston. Also, he was a professor and department chair for several years at the University of Massachusetts, Boston. Rick Houser has taught graduate-level research courses for more than 30 years. He received his doctorate from the University of Pittsburgh in rehabilitation counseling with a minor in research methodology. He conducts research in ethical decision making, stress and coping, educational neuroscience, and neuroscience and counseling.

• ForewordPrefaceAcknowledgmentsAbout the AuthorSection 1: Introduction to the Research ProcessChapter 1. Science and the Research ProcessDefinitions of Science and ResearchPractitioner–ScientistAssumptions About Science and ResearchPlagiarismSteps in the Scientific ProcessPurpose and Overview of the TextChapter 2. Ethics and ResearchEthical Principles and GuidelinesEthical Research ViolationsGuidelines and Questions for Evaluating the Research Literature for Ethical ConcernsEvaluation of Research Examples Presented in the Professional LiteratureTuskegee Syphilis StudyMilgram StudyChapter 3. Quantitative Research DesignsStrengths and Weaknesses of Quantitative ResearchTypes of VariablesResearch DesignsChapter 4. Qualitative Research MethodsAdvantages and Disadvantages of Qualitative ResearchTraditions or Paradigms in Conducting Qualitative ResearchCase Study ApproachChapter 5. Mixed Methods ResearchHistory of Mixed Methods ResearchStrengths and Weaknesses of Mixed Methods ResearchTriangulationMixed Research ModelsChapter 6. Single-Case or Single-Subject ResearchGuidelines and Procedures in Single-Subject DesignResearch Designs in Single-Case or Subject ResearchChapter 7. Basics of Statistical MethodsMeasurement ScalesCommon Statistical DefinitionsDescriptive StatisticsInferential StatisticsNonparametric StatisticsChapter 8. Basics of Qualitative Research Data AnalysisGenerating Data: Units of Data CollectionOrganizing DataManagement of Data: Coding and ReducingInterpreting and ReportingSection II: Evaluating Articles in the Professional LiteratureChapter 9. Evaluating the Literature ReviewGuidelines and Questions for Evaluating ResearchEvaluation of Examples From the Research LiteratureChapter 10. Evaluating the Purpose Statement and HypothesesGuidelines and Questions for Evaluating the Purpose StatementEvaluation of Examples From the Research LiteratureSection SummaryQuantitative Research HypothesesIndirect Proof: An Orientation to the Scientific ApproachTypes of HypothesesGuidelines and Questions for Evaluating Hypotheses: Quantitative MethodsEvaluation of Examples From the Research LiteratureEvaluating a Hypothesis in Qualitative Research MethodsGuidelines and Questions for Evaluating Hypothesis or Hypotheses for Qualitative ResearchChapter 11. Evaluating the Methods Section—Sampling MethodsSampling Methods Used in Quantitative ResearchGuidelines and Questions for Evaluating the Methods Section SampleEvaluating Examples From the Research LiteratureChapter 12. Evaluating the Methods Section—InstrumentsStandardization of InstrumentsCulture, Gender, and Diversity BiasReliability of InstrumentsValidity of InstrumentsApproaches to Measuring the Dependent VariableGuidelines and Questions for Evaluating the Instruments—Quantitative ResearchEvaluating Examples From the Research Literature—Quantitative ResearchGuidelines and Questions for Evaluating the Instruments—Qualitative ResearchEvaluating Single-Subject ResearchChapter 13. Evaluating the Methods Section—ProceduresDescription of Study VariablesRandom AssignmentInternal and External ValidityThreats to Internal ValidityThreats to Validity with Single-Subject StudiesThreats to External ValidityEvaluation of Procedures Examples From the LiteratureChapter 14. Evaluating the Results SectionPart I: Quantitative Research ResultsDescriptive StatisticsInferential StatisticsGuidelines and Questions for Evaluating the Results Section—Quantitative ResearchEvaluating Examples From the Research Literature—Quantitative ResearchSingle Case Study ExamplePart II: Qualitative Research ResultsCoding Data: Data AnalysisGuidelines and Questions for Evaluating the Results Section—Qualitative ResearchEvaluating an Example From the Results Section—Qualitative ResearchChapter 15. Evaluating the Discussion SectionGuidelines and Questions for Evaluating the Discussion SectionEvaluating Examples From the Research LiteratureSingle-Subject Case ExampleSection III: The Application of Research and EvaluationChapter 16. Evidence-Based Research and ApplicationCounseling Meta-AnalysesInterventions in SchoolsIntegrative ReviewsChapter 17. Conducting Research: Cultural IssuesCultural Neuroscience ResearchExamples of Cultural and Neuroscience ResearchChapter 18. Developing a Research Proposal and Conducting Research in PracticePractitioner–ResearchersDeveloping a Research ProposalPractical Considerations in Conducting ResearchChapter 19. Development and Application of Program Evaluation ResearchDefinitions of Program Evaluation ResearchProfessional Standards and Guidelines for Program EvaluationTypes of EvaluationEvaluation ModelsSteps in an EvaluationExamples of Program EvaluationChapter 20. Advances in Technology and ResearchTechnologiesOnline CounselingInteractive VideoBug-in-Ear TechnologyiPads and iPhonesVirtual RealityNeuroscience TechnologiesChapter 21. Current and Future Issues in Counseling and Educational ResearchThe Practitioner–Scientist ModelThe Relevance of Research to PracticeValue Issues in CounselingSocial Justice IssuesGlossaryReferencesIndex