Jennifer Lawson, PhD, is the originator and program editor on all of the Hands-On series. In addition to her writing, Jennifer teaches in the Faculty of Education at the University of Manitoba. She is a former classroom teacher, resource/special education teacher, consultant, and principal. She lives in Winnipeg, Manitoba, with her husband, Barry, and sons, Devon and Jeremy.

• Introduction to Hands-On Science for Manitoba, Grade 4 1Program Introduction 2The Foundations of Scientific Literacy 2Program Principles 2Program Implementation 3Program Resources 3Classroom Environment 6Timelines 6Classroom Management 6Classroom Safety 7Scientific Inquiry Skills: Guidelines for Teachers 7Observing 7Exploring 7Classifying 7Measuring 8Communicating, Analyzing, and Interpreting 8Predicting 10Inferring 10Inquiry Through Investigating and Experimenting 10Inquiry Through Research 11Online Considerations 11Addressing Students’ Early Literacy Needs 12Using the Design Process 12Developing Attitudes Related to Science, Technology, and Society 12Cultural Connections 13Indigenous Connections 13Technology 13Sustainability 14The Hands-On Science Assessment Plan 15Assessment for Learning 15Assessment as Learning 15Assessment of Learning 16Performance Assessment 16Portfolios 17An Important Note to Teachers 17Assessment Reproducibles 18Unit 1: Habitats and Communities 29Introduction 30Curriculum Correlation Chart: Knowledge and Understanding Outcomes 33Curriculum Correlation Chart: Scientific Inquiry and Design Process Outcomes 34Books for Students 37Websites and Online Videos 381 What Do We Know About Habitats and Communities? 402 Why Do Plants and Animals Live in Certain Habitats? 513 Which Organisms Are Found in Our Local Habitats? 564 How Can We Measure Populations in a Habitat? 665 How Do Plants and Animals Adapt to Survive in Their Environment? 736 What Relationships Occur Between Populations Within a Community? 827 What Are the Characteristics of Herbivores, Carnivores, and Omnivores? 888 What Are the Relationships Between Predators, Prey, and Scavengers? 969 What Are the Characteristics of Producers, Consumers, and Decomposers? 10110 What Is a Food Chain? 10811 What Is a Food Web? 11712 How Are Plants and Animals Important to Humans and the Environment? 12213 What Are Some Natural and Human Impacts on Organisms and the Environment? 12914 Inquiry Project: What Can I Do to Protect Habitats and Communities? 133Unit 2: Light 139Introduction 140Curriculum Correlation Chart: Knowledge and Understanding Outcomes 142Curriculum Correlation Chart: Scientific Inquiry and Design Process Outcomes 143Books for Students 145Websites and Online Videos 1461 What Do We Know About Light? 1482 How Does Light Travel? 1573 How Does Light Reflect? 1664 How Well Do Transparent, Translucent, and Opaque Objects Transmit Light? 1725 How Can We See Light’s Many Colours? 1776 How Are Shadows Created? 1827 How Has Light Technology Changed Over Time? 1898 Inquiry Project: How Can I Design and Construct Optical Devices to Transmit and Reflect Light? 193Unit 3: Sound 201Introduction 202Curriculum Correlation Chart: Knowledge and Understanding Outcomes 204Curriculum Correlation Chart: Scientific Inquiry and Design Process Outcomes 205Books for Students 207Websites and Online Videos 2081 What Do We Want to Learn About Sound? 2102 How Is Sound Created? 2183 What Is Pitch? 2254 How Do Sound Waves Travel? 2315 How Do We Hear Sound? 2366 How Do Musical Instruments Use Sound Energy? 2427 How Can We Use Recycled Materials to Construct Instruments That Make Sound? 2478 How Can We Design and Construct Musical Instruments to Play Certain Musical Notes? 2539 Which Materials Are Insulators and Conductors of Sound? 25710 How Can We Amplify Sound? 26311 How Can We Keep Ourselves Safe Around Loud Sounds? 26812 Inquiry Project: What Can We Learn About Sound Technology? 271Unit 4: Rocks, Minerals, and Erosion 275Introduction 276Curriculum Correlation Chart: Knowledge and Understanding Outcomes 278Curriculum Correlation Chart: Scientific Inquiry and Design Process Outcomes 279Books for Students 281Websites and Online Videos 2821 What Do We Know About Rocks and Minerals? 2842 How Can We Compare and Classify Rocks and Minerals? 2953 How Can Minerals Be Classified? 3014 How Are Different Types of Rock Formed? 3075 What Are Some Uses for Rocks and Minerals? 3206 How Are Fossils Formed? 3277 How Is Soil Formed? 3338 How Does Water Erode Land? 3399 What Are the Effects of Wind and Ice on the Landscape? 34410 What Are Some Human Alterations to the Natural Landscape? 35011 Inquiry Project: How Do Natural Events Change the Landscape? 354References for Teachers 358About the Contributors 360Access Digital Resources 361

Jennifer Lawson, PhD, is the originator and program editor on all of the Hands-On series. In addition to her writing, Jennifer teaches in the Faculty of Education at the University of Manitoba. She is a former classroom teacher, resource/special education teacher, consultant, and principal. She lives in Winnipeg, Manitoba, with her husband, Barry, and sons, Devon and Jeremy.

• Introduction to Hands-On Science for Manitoba, Grade 4 1Program Introduction 2The Foundations of Scientific Literacy 2Program Principles 2Program Implementation 3Program Resources 3Classroom Environment 6Timelines 6Classroom Management 6Classroom Safety 7Scientific Inquiry Skills: Guidelines for Teachers 7Observing 7Exploring 7Classifying 7Measuring 8Communicating, Analyzing, and Interpreting 8Predicting 10Inferring 10Inquiry Through Investigating and Experimenting 10Inquiry Through Research 11Online Considerations 11Addressing Students’ Early Literacy Needs 12Using the Design Process 12Developing Attitudes Related to Science, Technology, and Society 12Cultural Connections 13Indigenous Connections 13Technology 13Sustainability 14The Hands-On Science Assessment Plan 15Assessment for Learning 15Assessment as Learning 15Assessment of Learning 16Performance Assessment 16Portfolios 17An Important Note to Teachers 17Assessment Reproducibles 18Unit 1: Habitats and Communities 29Introduction 30Curriculum Correlation Chart: Knowledge and Understanding Outcomes 33Curriculum Correlation Chart: Scientific Inquiry and Design Process Outcomes 34Books for Students 37Websites and Online Videos 381 What Do We Know About Habitats and Communities? 402 Why Do Plants and Animals Live in Certain Habitats? 513 Which Organisms Are Found in Our Local Habitats? 564 How Can We Measure Populations in a Habitat? 665 How Do Plants and Animals Adapt to Survive in Their Environment? 736 What Relationships Occur Between Populations Within a Community? 827 What Are the Characteristics of Herbivores, Carnivores, and Omnivores? 888 What Are the Relationships Between Predators, Prey, and Scavengers? 969 What Are the Characteristics of Producers, Consumers, and Decomposers? 10110 What Is a Food Chain? 10811 What Is a Food Web? 11712 How Are Plants and Animals Important to Humans and the Environment? 12213 What Are Some Natural and Human Impacts on Organisms and the Environment? 12914 Inquiry Project: What Can I Do to Protect Habitats and Communities? 133Unit 2: Light 139Introduction 140Curriculum Correlation Chart: Knowledge and Understanding Outcomes 142Curriculum Correlation Chart: Scientific Inquiry and Design Process Outcomes 143Books for Students 145Websites and Online Videos 1461 What Do We Know About Light? 1482 How Does Light Travel? 1573 How Does Light Reflect? 1664 How Well Do Transparent, Translucent, and Opaque Objects Transmit Light? 1725 How Can We See Light’s Many Colours? 1776 How Are Shadows Created? 1827 How Has Light Technology Changed Over Time? 1898 Inquiry Project: How Can I Design and Construct Optical Devices to Transmit and Reflect Light? 193Unit 3: Sound 201Introduction 202Curriculum Correlation Chart: Knowledge and Understanding Outcomes 204Curriculum Correlation Chart: Scientific Inquiry and Design Process Outcomes 205Books for Students 207Websites and Online Videos 2081 What Do We Want to Learn About Sound? 2102 How Is Sound Created? 2183 What Is Pitch? 2254 How Do Sound Waves Travel? 2315 How Do We Hear Sound? 2366 How Do Musical Instruments Use Sound Energy? 2427 How Can We Use Recycled Materials to Construct Instruments That Make Sound? 2478 How Can We Design and Construct Musical Instruments to Play Certain Musical Notes? 2539 Which Materials Are Insulators and Conductors of Sound? 25710 How Can We Amplify Sound? 26311 How Can We Keep Ourselves Safe Around Loud Sounds? 26812 Inquiry Project: What Can We Learn About Sound Technology? 271Unit 4: Rocks, Minerals, and Erosion 275Introduction 276Curriculum Correlation Chart: Knowledge and Understanding Outcomes 278Curriculum Correlation Chart: Scientific Inquiry and Design Process Outcomes 279Books for Students 281Websites and Online Videos 2821 What Do We Know About Rocks and Minerals? 2842 How Can We Compare and Classify Rocks and Minerals? 2953 How Can Minerals Be Classified? 3014 How Are Different Types of Rock Formed? 3075 What Are Some Uses for Rocks and Minerals? 3206 How Are Fossils Formed? 3277 How Is Soil Formed? 3338 How Does Water Erode Land? 3399 What Are the Effects of Wind and Ice on the Landscape? 34410 What Are Some Human Alterations to the Natural Landscape? 35011 Inquiry Project: How Do Natural Events Change the Landscape? 354References for Teachers 358About the Contributors 360Access Digital Resources 361