Erik M. Redix (Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Ojibwe) is Assistant Professor of American Indian Studies at the University of Minnesota–Duluth.

A poignant tale of sacrifice, betrayal, and redemption, The Murder of Joe White challenges us all to reexamine America’s treatment of native people and our role in shaping the environment and human landscape in years to come.—Anton Treuer, author of Everything You Wanted to Know About Indians But Were Afraid to Ask and The Assassination of Hole in the Day

• Contents Acknowledgments Introduction Pronunciation Guide Chapter 1. The Rise of Nena’aangabi and American Expansion in the Western Great Lakes, 1825– 1837 Chapter 2. Nena’aangabi and the Language of Treaties, 1837– 1855 Chapter 3. Waabizheshi’s Vision of an Intercultural Community at Rice Lake, 1855– 1877 Chapter 4. Aazhaweyaa and Ojibwe Women in Transition Chapter 5. Giishkitawag Confronts Removal, 1879– 1894 Chapter 6. The Murder of Joe White and the Culmination of Removal Chapter 7. Maggie Quaderer, Steve Grover, and the Creation of Community at Whitefish, 1894– 1920 Conclusion Notes Select Bibliography Index

Erik M. Redix (Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Ojibwe) is Assistant Professor of American Indian Studies at the University of Minnesota–Duluth.

A poignant tale of sacrifice, betrayal, and redemption, The Murder of Joe White challenges us all to reexamine America’s treatment of native people and our role in shaping the environment and human landscape in years to come.—Anton Treuer, author of Everything You Wanted to Know About Indians But Were Afraid to Ask and The Assassination of Hole in the Day

• Contents Acknowledgments Introduction Pronunciation Guide Chapter 1. The Rise of Nena’aangabi and American Expansion in the Western Great Lakes, 1825– 1837 Chapter 2. Nena’aangabi and the Language of Treaties, 1837– 1855 Chapter 3. Waabizheshi’s Vision of an Intercultural Community at Rice Lake, 1855– 1877 Chapter 4. Aazhaweyaa and Ojibwe Women in Transition Chapter 5. Giishkitawag Confronts Removal, 1879– 1894 Chapter 6. The Murder of Joe White and the Culmination of Removal Chapter 7. Maggie Quaderer, Steve Grover, and the Creation of Community at Whitefish, 1894– 1920 Conclusion Notes Select Bibliography Index

Erik M. Redix (Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Ojibwe) is Assistant Professor of American Indian Studies at the University of Minnesota–Duluth.

A poignant tale of sacrifice, betrayal, and redemption, The Murder of Joe White challenges us all to reexamine America’s treatment of native people and our role in shaping the environment and human landscape in years to come.—Anton Treuer, author of Everything You Wanted to Know About Indians But Were Afraid to Ask and The Assassination of Hole in the Day

• Contents Acknowledgments Introduction Pronunciation Guide Chapter 1. The Rise of Nena’aangabi and American Expansion in the Western Great Lakes, 1825– 1837 Chapter 2. Nena’aangabi and the Language of Treaties, 1837– 1855 Chapter 3. Waabizheshi’s Vision of an Intercultural Community at Rice Lake, 1855– 1877 Chapter 4. Aazhaweyaa and Ojibwe Women in Transition Chapter 5. Giishkitawag Confronts Removal, 1879– 1894 Chapter 6. The Murder of Joe White and the Culmination of Removal Chapter 7. Maggie Quaderer, Steve Grover, and the Creation of Community at Whitefish, 1894– 1920 Conclusion Notes Select Bibliography Index