Erin M. Bentrim is a Senior Education & Training Specialist for Assessment at Anthology, Inc. Her higher education portfolio includes management level positions in Institutional Research and Effectiveness, Academic Assessment, Student Affairs Assessment, and Strategic Planning. In addition to her administrative roles, Dr. Bentrim has experience teaching graduate and undergraduate level courses in diverse subject matters including psychology, higher education administration, and educational statistics. Dr. Bentrim is a founding member of the Student Affairs Assessment Leaders (SAAL) organization which serves individuals responsible for implementing assessment on their respective campuses. Dr. Bentrim holds a PhD in Educational Psychology & Research, an MEd in Student Personnel Services, both from the University of South Carolina, and is a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of Wofford College where she earned a BA in English. Gavin W. Henning is Professor of Higher Education at New England College in New Hampshire where he directs the Master of Science in Higher Education Administration and Doctorate of Education programs. Gavin is a past president of ACPA – College Student Educators International as well as a past president of the Council for the Advancement of Standards in Higher Education (CAS). He has over 20 years’ experience in higher education assessment and institutional research and frequently consults and presents regionally, nationally, and internationally on the topic. His scholarship includes over 90 peer-reviewed presentations and over 90 invited presentations and keynotes regarding assessment. In addition, he has published articles and books on assessment including Student Affairs Assessment: Theory and Practice with Darby Roberts that serves as the foundational text for assessment courses in many higher education graduate programs. Gavin earned his Ph.D. in Leadership and Policy Studies from the University of New Hampshire.

• Foreword. Kristen A. Renn Preface Part 1. Theories and Foundations 1. Theoretical Foundations for Sense of Belonging in College—Annemarie Vaccarro and Barbara Newman 2. Unraveling the Relationship Between of Engagement, Involvement, and Sense of Belonging—Terrell L. Strayhorn 3. Reviewing, Theorizing, and Looking Ahead. The Relationship Between College Students’ Sense of Belonging and Persistence—Bert Ellison and John M. BraxtonPart 2. Sense of Belonging Across Student Populations 4. Facilitating A Sense of Belonging for Students with Multiple Identities—Ronald Hallett, Adrianna Kezar, Joseph Kitchen, and Rosemary Perez 5. How and Where do Queer- and Trans-spectrum College Students Experience Belonging? A Critical Review of the Literature—Brian C. Gano 6. Connecting Gender and Belonging. An Intersectional Approach—Michael Stevens Williams and Ekaete E. Udoh 7. On the Outside Looking In. Reflecting on Native American Students’ Sense of Belonging—Mark Alabanza 8. Asian American Students and Sense of Belonging—Cassie Kao 9. Latinx College Students’ Sense of Belonging. Comunidades de Apoyo. (Supportive Communities)—Holly Holloway-Friesen 10. Sense of Belonging Among Black College Students. A Socioecological Perspective—Royel M. Johnson and Alex Kenney 11. Economic Stratification in Higher Education. An Asset-Based Approach to Low-SES Students’ Sense of Belonging—Amy E. French and Shelley R. Price-Williams 12. Language Unheard, Voices Silenced. The Role of Language Minoritization in Sense of Belonging—Kevin J. Bazner and Juan Lopez 13. Analyzing Psychological Well-Being Aspects of Sense of Belonging for First-generation, Pell-eligible, Underrepresented Minority Students—Marilee Bresciani Ludvik, Shiming Zhang, Sandra Kahn, Nina Potter, Lisa Gates, Robyn Saiki, Rogelio Becerra Songolo, Stephen Schellenberg, Randall Timm, and Mitch Strahlman 14. Sense of Belonging as Process and Product in The First-Year Experience—Jennifer R. Keup and Chelsea Fountain 15. Deconstructing Belonging. Towards a Redefinition for Transfer Students—Vasti Torres and Claire A. Boeck 16. Reframing the Commuter Student Experience to Promote Belonging—Michael D. Giacalone and Kristina M. Perrelli 17. Student Veteran Belonging, Inclusion, and Success—Phillip Morris 18. Student Employee Sense of Belonging—Cynthia Cogswell, Tim Epley, and Brittany BartenPart 3. Implications and Applications 19A: Examples in PracticeNDSUbelong. A Cross Collaborative Approach to Student Sense of Belonging— Derisa Collymore, Laura Dahl, and Alyssa Tuebner 19B. Reducing Barriers to Increase Sense of Belonging—Laura Bayless and Hank Parkinson 19C. Gemstone Honors Program Living-Learning Community—Jessica Lee, Kristan Cilente Skendall, and Leah Kreimer Tobin 19D. The Influence of The Teaching Modality on Belonging—Tawnya Means, Jean E. Starobin, and Kasey Uran-Linde 20. When Likes Aren’t Enough. The Impact of Belongingness on Mental Health in the Age of Social Media—Timothy J. Bono 21. Sense of Belonging. Findings During the Time of COVID-19—Sherry Woosley and Dianne Timm 22. Measuring Belonging in Higher Education. Review, Summary, and Guidance for Researchers and Practitioners—John Eric M. Lingat, Michael D. Toland, and Shannon O. Sampson 23. Conclusion—Erin M. Bentrim and Gavin W. Henning Editors and Contributors Index

Erin M. Bentrim is a Senior Education & Training Specialist for Assessment at Anthology, Inc. Her higher education portfolio includes management level positions in Institutional Research and Effectiveness, Academic Assessment, Student Affairs Assessment, and Strategic Planning. In addition to her administrative roles, Dr. Bentrim has experience teaching graduate and undergraduate level courses in diverse subject matters including psychology, higher education administration, and educational statistics. Dr. Bentrim is a founding member of the Student Affairs Assessment Leaders (SAAL) organization which serves individuals responsible for implementing assessment on their respective campuses. Dr. Bentrim holds a PhD in Educational Psychology & Research, an MEd in Student Personnel Services, both from the University of South Carolina, and is a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of Wofford College where she earned a BA in English. Gavin W. Henning is Professor of Higher Education at New England College in New Hampshire where he directs the Master of Science in Higher Education Administration and Doctorate of Education programs. Gavin is a past president of ACPA – College Student Educators International as well as a past president of the Council for the Advancement of Standards in Higher Education (CAS). He has over 20 years’ experience in higher education assessment and institutional research and frequently consults and presents regionally, nationally, and internationally on the topic. His scholarship includes over 90 peer-reviewed presentations and over 90 invited presentations and keynotes regarding assessment. In addition, he has published articles and books on assessment including Student Affairs Assessment: Theory and Practice with Darby Roberts that serves as the foundational text for assessment courses in many higher education graduate programs. Gavin earned his Ph.D. in Leadership and Policy Studies from the University of New Hampshire.

• Foreword. Kristen A. Renn Preface Part 1. Theories and Foundations 1. Theoretical Foundations for Sense of Belonging in College—Annemarie Vaccarro and Barbara Newman 2. Unraveling the Relationship Between of Engagement, Involvement, and Sense of Belonging—Terrell L. Strayhorn 3. Reviewing, Theorizing, and Looking Ahead. The Relationship Between College Students’ Sense of Belonging and Persistence—Bert Ellison and John M. BraxtonPart 2. Sense of Belonging Across Student Populations 4. Facilitating A Sense of Belonging for Students with Multiple Identities—Ronald Hallett, Adrianna Kezar, Joseph Kitchen, and Rosemary Perez 5. How and Where do Queer- and Trans-spectrum College Students Experience Belonging? A Critical Review of the Literature—Brian C. Gano 6. Connecting Gender and Belonging. An Intersectional Approach—Michael Stevens Williams and Ekaete E. Udoh 7. On the Outside Looking In. Reflecting on Native American Students’ Sense of Belonging—Mark Alabanza 8. Asian American Students and Sense of Belonging—Cassie Kao 9. Latinx College Students’ Sense of Belonging. Comunidades de Apoyo. (Supportive Communities)—Holly Holloway-Friesen 10. Sense of Belonging Among Black College Students. A Socioecological Perspective—Royel M. Johnson and Alex Kenney 11. Economic Stratification in Higher Education. An Asset-Based Approach to Low-SES Students’ Sense of Belonging—Amy E. French and Shelley R. Price-Williams 12. Language Unheard, Voices Silenced. The Role of Language Minoritization in Sense of Belonging—Kevin J. Bazner and Juan Lopez 13. Analyzing Psychological Well-Being Aspects of Sense of Belonging for First-generation, Pell-eligible, Underrepresented Minority Students—Marilee Bresciani Ludvik, Shiming Zhang, Sandra Kahn, Nina Potter, Lisa Gates, Robyn Saiki, Rogelio Becerra Songolo, Stephen Schellenberg, Randall Timm, and Mitch Strahlman 14. Sense of Belonging as Process and Product in The First-Year Experience—Jennifer R. Keup and Chelsea Fountain 15. Deconstructing Belonging. Towards a Redefinition for Transfer Students—Vasti Torres and Claire A. Boeck 16. Reframing the Commuter Student Experience to Promote Belonging—Michael D. Giacalone and Kristina M. Perrelli 17. Student Veteran Belonging, Inclusion, and Success—Phillip Morris 18. Student Employee Sense of Belonging—Cynthia Cogswell, Tim Epley, and Brittany BartenPart 3. Implications and Applications 19A: Examples in PracticeNDSUbelong. A Cross Collaborative Approach to Student Sense of Belonging— Derisa Collymore, Laura Dahl, and Alyssa Tuebner 19B. Reducing Barriers to Increase Sense of Belonging—Laura Bayless and Hank Parkinson 19C. Gemstone Honors Program Living-Learning Community—Jessica Lee, Kristan Cilente Skendall, and Leah Kreimer Tobin 19D. The Influence of The Teaching Modality on Belonging—Tawnya Means, Jean E. Starobin, and Kasey Uran-Linde 20. When Likes Aren’t Enough. The Impact of Belongingness on Mental Health in the Age of Social Media—Timothy J. Bono 21. Sense of Belonging. Findings During the Time of COVID-19—Sherry Woosley and Dianne Timm 22. Measuring Belonging in Higher Education. Review, Summary, and Guidance for Researchers and Practitioners—John Eric M. Lingat, Michael D. Toland, and Shannon O. Sampson 23. Conclusion—Erin M. Bentrim and Gavin W. Henning Editors and Contributors Index

Erin M. Bentrim is a Senior Education & Training Specialist for Assessment at Anthology, Inc. Her higher education portfolio includes management level positions in Institutional Research and Effectiveness, Academic Assessment, Student Affairs Assessment, and Strategic Planning. In addition to her administrative roles, Dr. Bentrim has experience teaching graduate and undergraduate level courses in diverse subject matters including psychology, higher education administration, and educational statistics. Dr. Bentrim is a founding member of the Student Affairs Assessment Leaders (SAAL) organization which serves individuals responsible for implementing assessment on their respective campuses. Dr. Bentrim holds a PhD in Educational Psychology & Research, an MEd in Student Personnel Services, both from the University of South Carolina, and is a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of Wofford College where she earned a BA in English. Gavin W. Henning is Professor of Higher Education at New England College in New Hampshire where he directs the Master of Science in Higher Education Administration and Doctorate of Education programs. Gavin is a past president of ACPA – College Student Educators International as well as a past president of the Council for the Advancement of Standards in Higher Education (CAS). He has over 20 years’ experience in higher education assessment and institutional research and frequently consults and presents regionally, nationally, and internationally on the topic. His scholarship includes over 90 peer-reviewed presentations and over 90 invited presentations and keynotes regarding assessment. In addition, he has published articles and books on assessment including Student Affairs Assessment: Theory and Practice with Darby Roberts that serves as the foundational text for assessment courses in many higher education graduate programs. Gavin earned his Ph.D. in Leadership and Policy Studies from the University of New Hampshire.

• Foreword. Kristen A. Renn Preface Part 1. Theories and Foundations 1. Theoretical Foundations for Sense of Belonging in College—Annemarie Vaccarro and Barbara Newman 2. Unraveling the Relationship Between of Engagement, Involvement, and Sense of Belonging—Terrell L. Strayhorn 3. Reviewing, Theorizing, and Looking Ahead. The Relationship Between College Students’ Sense of Belonging and Persistence—Bert Ellison and John M. BraxtonPart 2. Sense of Belonging Across Student Populations 4. Facilitating A Sense of Belonging for Students with Multiple Identities—Ronald Hallett, Adrianna Kezar, Joseph Kitchen, and Rosemary Perez 5. How and Where do Queer- and Trans-spectrum College Students Experience Belonging? A Critical Review of the Literature—Brian C. Gano 6. Connecting Gender and Belonging. An Intersectional Approach—Michael Stevens Williams and Ekaete E. Udoh 7. On the Outside Looking In. Reflecting on Native American Students’ Sense of Belonging—Mark Alabanza 8. Asian American Students and Sense of Belonging—Cassie Kao 9. Latinx College Students’ Sense of Belonging. Comunidades de Apoyo. (Supportive Communities)—Holly Holloway-Friesen 10. Sense of Belonging Among Black College Students. A Socioecological Perspective—Royel M. Johnson and Alex Kenney 11. Economic Stratification in Higher Education. An Asset-Based Approach to Low-SES Students’ Sense of Belonging—Amy E. French and Shelley R. Price-Williams 12. Language Unheard, Voices Silenced. The Role of Language Minoritization in Sense of Belonging—Kevin J. Bazner and Juan Lopez 13. Analyzing Psychological Well-Being Aspects of Sense of Belonging for First-generation, Pell-eligible, Underrepresented Minority Students—Marilee Bresciani Ludvik, Shiming Zhang, Sandra Kahn, Nina Potter, Lisa Gates, Robyn Saiki, Rogelio Becerra Songolo, Stephen Schellenberg, Randall Timm, and Mitch Strahlman 14. Sense of Belonging as Process and Product in The First-Year Experience—Jennifer R. Keup and Chelsea Fountain 15. Deconstructing Belonging. Towards a Redefinition for Transfer Students—Vasti Torres and Claire A. Boeck 16. Reframing the Commuter Student Experience to Promote Belonging—Michael D. Giacalone and Kristina M. Perrelli 17. Student Veteran Belonging, Inclusion, and Success—Phillip Morris 18. Student Employee Sense of Belonging—Cynthia Cogswell, Tim Epley, and Brittany BartenPart 3. Implications and Applications 19A: Examples in PracticeNDSUbelong. A Cross Collaborative Approach to Student Sense of Belonging— Derisa Collymore, Laura Dahl, and Alyssa Tuebner 19B. Reducing Barriers to Increase Sense of Belonging—Laura Bayless and Hank Parkinson 19C. Gemstone Honors Program Living-Learning Community—Jessica Lee, Kristan Cilente Skendall, and Leah Kreimer Tobin 19D. The Influence of The Teaching Modality on Belonging—Tawnya Means, Jean E. Starobin, and Kasey Uran-Linde 20. When Likes Aren’t Enough. The Impact of Belongingness on Mental Health in the Age of Social Media—Timothy J. Bono 21. Sense of Belonging. Findings During the Time of COVID-19—Sherry Woosley and Dianne Timm 22. Measuring Belonging in Higher Education. Review, Summary, and Guidance for Researchers and Practitioners—John Eric M. Lingat, Michael D. Toland, and Shannon O. Sampson 23. Conclusion—Erin M. Bentrim and Gavin W. Henning Editors and Contributors Index